الموضوع: سر الفوز بجائزة نوبل في الادب على مدى التاريخ؟ دراسة
عرض مشاركة واحدة
قديم 10-23-2012, 10:50 AM
المشاركة 67
الصورة الرمزية ايوب صابر
ايوب صابر
مراقب عام سابقا

اوسمتي

  • موجود
افتراضي
ميغل أنخل أستورياس
هو أديب وشاعر وصحفي وديبلوماسي غواتيمالي ولد في 19 أكتوبر 1899 في مدينة غواتيمالا وتوفي في 9 حزيران/يونيو 1974 في مدريد. حصل على جائزة نوبل في الأدب لسنة 1967.
كان ميغل أنخل أستورياس من أوائل الروائيين في أمريكا اللاتينية الذي تناولوا موضوع الاستبداد وتبعه في ذلك كثير من الروائيين. أدت الشهرة التي عرف بها أستورياس في معارضته للحكم الديكتاتوري إلى قضاء معظم حياته في المنفى سواء كان ذلك في أمريكا الجنوبية أو في أوروبا. بعد عقود من النفي والتهميش حصل أستورياس على شهرة واسعة النطاق في عقد الستينيات من القرن العشرين.
أهم رواياته
Miguel Angel Asturias Rosales (October 19, 1899 – June 9, 1974) was a Nobel Prize–winning Guatemalanpoet, novelist, playwright, journalist and diplomat. Asturias helped establish Latin American literature's contribution to mainstream Western culture, and at the same time drew attention to the importance of indigenous cultures, especially those of his native Guatemala.
Asturias was born and raised in Guatemala though he lived a significant part of his adult life abroad. He first lived in Paris in the 1920s where he studied anthropology and Indian mythology.
Some scholars view him as the first Latin American novelist to show how the study of anthropology and linguistics could affect the writing of literature. While in Paris, Asturias also associated with the Surrealist movement, and he is credited with introducing many features of modernist style into Latin American letters. In this way, he is an important precursor of the Latin American Boom of the 1960s and 1970s.
One of Asturias' most famous novels, El Señor Presidente, describes life under a ruthless dictator. Asturias' very public opposition to dictatorial rule led to him spending much of his later life in exile, both in South America and in Europe. The book that is sometimes described as his masterpiece, Hombres de maíz (Men of Maize), is a defense of Mayan culture and customs. Asturias combined his extensive knowledge of Mayan beliefs with his political convictions, channeling them into a life of commitment and solidarity. His work is often identified with the social and moral aspirations of the Guatemalan people.
After decades of exile and marginalization, Asturias finally received broad recognition in the 1960s. In 1966, he won the Soviet Union's Lenin Peace Prize. The following year he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature, only the second Latin American to receive this honor. Asturias spent his final years in Madrid, where he died at the age of 74. He is buried in the Père Lachaise Cemetery in Paris.

Early life and education
Miguel Ángel Asturias was born in Guatemala City on October 19, 1899, the first child of Ernesto Asturias Girón, a lawyer and judge, and María Rosales de Asturias, a schoolteacher.[2] Two years later, his brother, Marco Antonio, was born. Asturias's parents were of Spanish descent, and reasonably distinguished: his father could trace his family line back to colonists who had arrived in Guatemala in the 1660s; his mother, whose ancestry was more mixed, was the daughter of a colonel.
In 1905, when the writer was six years old, the Asturias family moved to the house of Asturias' grandparents, where they lived a more comfortable lifestyle.[3]
Despite his relative privilege, Asturias's father opposed the dictatorship of Manuel Estrada Cabrera, who had come to power in February 1898. As Asturias later recalled, "My parents were quite persecuted, though they were not imprisoned or anything of the sort".[4] Following an incident in 1904 which, in his capacity as judge, Asturias Sr. set free some students arrested for causing a disturbance, he clashed directly with the dictator, lost his job, and he and his family were forced to move in 1905 to the town of Salamá, the departmental capital of Baja Verapaz, where Miguel Ángel Asturias lived on his grandparents' farm.
It was here that Asturias first came into contact with Guatemala's indigenous people; his nanny, Lola Reyes, was a young indigenous woman who told him stories of their myths and legends that would later have a great influence on his work.[5]
In 1908, when Asturias was nine, his family returned to the suburbs of Guatemala City. Here they established a supply store where Asturias spent his adolescence.[6] Asturias first attended Colegio del Padre Pedro and then, Colegio del Padre Solís.[6] Asturias began writing as a student and wrote the first draft of a story that would later become his novel El Señor Presidente.[7]
In 1922, Asturias and other students founded the Popular University, a community project whereby "the middle class was encouraged to contribute to the general welfare by teaching free courses to the underprivileged."
Asturias spent a year studying medicine before switching to the faculty of law at the Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala in Guatemala City. He obtained his law degree in 1923 and received the Gálvez Prize for his thesis on Indian problems.[2]
لا يعرف متى مات والديه لكن واضح ان عا\لة تعرضت لمواقف صعبة ان لم تكن كارثية وهو في سن السابعة حيث تعرض والده للعقاب والنفي ، وتعرض هو ايضا للنفي حيث عاش معظم حياته في المنفى. في بيت جده كانت تربيته على ايدي مربية من البسطاء. واضح انه جرب حياة الفقر والمعاناة وسافر للدراسة في فرنسا قبل ان يصل سن الحادي والعشرين.
مأزوم.