سر الفوز بجائزة نوبل في الادب على مدى التاريخ؟ دراسة - الصفحة 11

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جاو كسينغجيان

هو كاتب ورسام فرنسي من أصل صيني ويكتب باللغة الصينية ولد سنة 1940 في غنرهو في الصين. حصل على جائزة نوبل في الأدب سنة 2000. غادر الصين بعد مظاهرات ساحة تيانانمن سنة 1988 إلى فرنسا حيث حصل على اللجوء السياسي وفي سنة 1998 حصل على الجنسية الفرنسية

==
Gao Xingjian (Chinese: 高行健; Mandarin: [káu ɕĭŋ tɕiɛ̂n]; born January 4, 1940) is a Chinese émigré novelist, playwright, and critic who in 2000 was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature “for an oeuvre of universal validity, bitter insights and linguistic ingenuity.”[1] He was also renowned as a stage director and as an artist. In 1997, Gao was granted French citizenship. He is a noted translator (particularly of Samuel Beckett and Eugène Ionesco), screenwriter, stage director, and a celebrated painter.
Gao's drama is considered to be fundamentally absurdist in nature and avant-garde in his native China. His prose works tend to be less celebrated in China but are highly regarded elsewhere in Europe and the West. He once burnt a suitcase packed with manuscripts during the Cultural Revolution to avoid persecution.[ Early life
Gao's original home town is Taizhou, Jiangsu. Born in Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China in 1940, Gao has been a French citizen since 1997. In 1992 he was awarded the Chevalier de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres by the French government.

[Early years in Jiangxi and Jiangsu

Gao's father was a clerk in the Bank of China, and his mother was a member of the Young Men's Christian Association. His mother was once a playactress of Anti-Japanese Theatre during the Second Sino-Japanese War. Under his mother's influence, Gao enjoyed painting, writing and theatre very much when he was a little boy. During his middle school years, he read lots of literature translated from the West, and he studied sketching, ink and wash painting, oil painting and clay sculpture under the guidance of painter Yun Zongying (simplified Chinese: 郓宗嬴; traditional Chinese: 鄆宗嬴; pinyin: Yùn Zōngyíng).
In 1950, his family moved to Nanjing, the capital city of Jiangsu Province. In 1952, Gao entered the Nanjing Number 10 Middle School (later renamed Jinling High School) which was the Middle School attached to Nanjing University.

Years in Beijing and Anhui

In 1957 Gao graduated, and, following his mother's advice, chose Beijing Foreign Studies University (BFSU) instead of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, although he was thought to be talented in art.
In 1962 Gao graduated from the Department of French, BFSU, and then he worked for the Chinese International Bookstore (中國國際書店). During the 1970s, because of the Down to the Countryside Movement, he went to and stayed in the countryside and did farm labour in Anhui Province. He taught as a Chinese teacher in Gangkou Middle School, Ningguo county, Anhui Province for a short time. In 1975, he was allowed to go back to Beijing and became the group leader of French translation for the magazine Construction in China (《中國建設》).
In 1977 Gao worked for the Committee of Foreign Relationship, Chinese Association of Writers. In May 1979, he visited Paris with a group of Chinese writers including Ba Jin. In 1980, Gao became a screenwriter and playwright for the Beijing People's Art Theatre.
Gao is known as a pioneer of absurdist drama in China, where Signal Alarm (《絕對信號》, 1982) and Bus Stop (《車站》, 1983) were produced during his term as resident playwright at the Beijing People's Art Theatre from 1981 to 1987. Influenced by European theatrical models, it gained him a reputation as an avant-garde writer. His other plays, The Primitive (1985) and The Other Shore (《彼岸》, 1986), all openly criticised the government's state policies.
In 1986 Gao was misdiagnosed with lung cancer, and he began a 10-month trek along the Yangtze, which resulted in his novel Soul Mountain (《靈山》). The part-memoir, part-novel, first published in Taipei in 1989 and in English in 2000 by HarperCollins Australia, mixes literary genres and utilizes shifting narrative voices. It has been specially cited by the Swedish Nobel committee as "one of those singular literary creations that seem impossible to compare with anything but themselves." The book details his travels from Sichuan province to the coast, and life among Chinese minorities such as the Qiang, Miao, and Yi peoples on the fringes of Han Chinese civilization.

Years in Europe and Paris

By 1987, Gao had shifted to Bagnolet, a city adjacent to Paris, France. The political Fugitives (1989), which makes reference to the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, resulted in all his works being banned from performance in China.
==

لا يعرف الكثير عن طفولته ولا يعرف متى مات والديه لكنه مأزوم بسبب سجنة لمدة 6 سنوات مع الاشغال الشاقة.

مأزوم

10-31-2012, 11:56 AM

المشاركة 102

ايوب صابر

مراقب عام سابقا

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فيديادر سوراجبراساد نيبول
، روائي بريطاني ولد في عام 1932 في "شاغواناس" قرب مرفأ أسبانيا في ترينيداد إلى أسرة هندوسية هاجرت من الهند. كان جده يعمل في قطع قصب السكر، وكان والده يزاول مهنة الصحافة والكتابة.
في سن الثامنة عشرة غادر نيبول إلى إنكلترا حيث تحصل شهادة في الأدب عام 1953 من جامعة أوكسفورد. وهو يقيم منذ تلك الفترة في إنكلترا لكنه يخصص قسطا كبيرا من وقته لرحلات إلى آسيا وإفريقيا وأميركا. كرس حياته للكتابة الأدبية، وعمل في منتصف الخمسينات صحافيا لصالح هيئة الإذاعة البريطانية بي.بي.سي..
نشر له العديد من الروايات وكتب الرحلات منها:

عامل التدليك المتصوف، 1957م
شارع ميجيل، 1959م
منزل السيد بيسواس، 1961م
المحاربون، 1975م
في منعطف النهر، 1977م وهي الرواة الوحيدة المنشورة له باللغة العربية في سلسلة روايات الهلال 1992م
رواية "الهند، ألف ثائر وثائر"، 199م

في لقاء مع جريدة "الموندو" الأسبانية واسعة الانتشار، شن هجوما عنيفا على الإسلام والمسلمين دعا فيه إلى إجبار المملكة العربية السعودية ودول عربية وإسلامية، كمصر والجزائر وباكستان على حد قوله، أخرى على دفع تعويضات العمليات التي وقعت في نيويورك وواشنطن في 11 سبتمبر 2001. وأنه يتعين على المملكة العربية السعودية دفع التعويضات عن كل عملية "إرهابية" نفذها متطرفون إسلاميون على حد قوله. كما اتهم نيبول العرب بأنهم "يريدون أن يمدوا صمت الصحراء إلى كل مكان، فهم أمة جاهلة لا تقرأ، وهم يقفون ضد الحضارة"، وأن المسلمين بشكل عام شعوب "مليئة دائما بالحقد، ويعتقدون أنه لا سبيل إلى التعايش مع شعوب أخرى إلا بالقوة". وهاجم كذلك العمليات الاستشهادية التي يقوم بها فدائيون فلسطينيون ضد الاحتلال الإسرائيلي قائلا: إن الأمر يتعلق بمتطرفين يحلمون بدخول الجنة

Sir Vidiadhar Surajprasad "V. S." Naipaul, TC (born 17 August 1932) is an Trinidadian-British writer of Indo-Trinidadian heritage of Bhumihar Brahmin [1] known for his novels focusing on the legacy of the British Empire's colonialism. He has also written works of non-fiction, such as travel writing and essays.
In 2001, Naipaul was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature.[2] He has been awarded numerous other literary prizes, including the John Llewellyn Rhys Prize (1958), the Somerset Maugham Award (1960), the Hawthornden Prize (1964), the WH Smith Literary Award (1968), the Booker Prize (1971), the Jerusalem Prize (1983) and the David Cohen Prize for a lifetime's achievement in British Literature (1993).
J. M. Coetzee, writing in The New York Review of Books in 2001, described Naipaul as "a master of modern English prose".[3] In 2008, The Times ranked Naipaul seventh on their list of "the 50 greatest British writers since 1945".[4]

Personal life

Naipaul was born in Chaguanas, Trinidad and Tobago, to parents of Indian descent. He is the son, older brother, uncle, and cousin of published authors Seepersad Naipaul, (Seepersad Naipaul (1906—1953) was a writer of Indo-Trinidadian heritage).
Shiva Naipaul, Neil Bissoondath, and Vahni Capildeo, respectively. His current wife is Nadira Naipaul, a former Pakistani journalist.
Naipaul was married to Englishwoman Patricia Hale for 41 years, until her death from cancer in 1996. According to an authorised biography by Patrick French, the two shared a close relationship when it came to Naipaul's work—Pat was a sort of unofficial editor for Naipaul—but the marriage was not a happy one in other respects. Naipaul regularly visited prostitutes in London, and later had a long-term abusive affair with another married woman, Margaret Gooding, which his wife was aware of.
Prior to Hale's death, Naipaul proposed to Nadira Naipaul, a divorced Pakistani journalist, born Nadira Khannum Alvi. They were married two months after Hale's death, at which point Naipaul also abruptly ended his affair with Gooding. Nadira Naipaul had worked as a journalist for the Pakistani newspaper, The Nation, for ten years before meeting Naipaul. She was divorced twice before her marriage to Naipaul and has two children from a previous marriage, Maliha Naipaul and Nadir.
She is the sister of Maj Gen (Retd) Amir Faisal Alvi, a former chief of the Special Service Group – Pakistan Army, who was later assassinated during the War in North-West Pakistan.[8]
Naipaul insists that his writing transcends any particular ideological outlook, remarking that "to have a political view is to be prejudiced. I don't have a political view." His supporters often perceive him as offering a mordant critique of many left-liberal pieties while his detractors, such as cultural critic Edward Said and poet Derek Walcott accuse him of being a neo-colonial apologist.[9] He has also excoriated Tony Blair as a "pirate" at the head of "a socialist revolution", a man who was "destroying the idea of civilisation in this country" and had created "a plebeian culture".[10]
In his book dealing with the influence of Islam on non-Arab Muslims, Beyond Belief: Islamic excursions among the converted peoples, Naipaul states the following about Islam:[11]
The cruelty of Islamic fundamentalism is that it allows to only one people—the Arabs, the original people of the Prophet—a past, and sacred places, pilgrimages and earth reverences. These sacred Arab places have to be the sacred places of all the converted peoples. Converted peoples have to strip themselves of their past; of converted peoples nothing is required but the purest faith (if such a thing can be arrived at), Islam, submission. It is the most uncompromising kind of imperialism.
In March 2002, Salman Rushdie denounced Naipaul for supporting the RSS, VHP and BJP led Indian government on the anti-Muslim 2002 Gujarat riots: Rushdie said Naipaul was "a fellow traveller of fascism and [he] disgraces the Nobel award".[12].

Religion

Naipaul has mentioned some negative aspects of Islam in his works, such as nihilism among fundamentalists.[citation needed] He has been quoted describing the bringing down of the Babri Mosque as a "creative passion," and the invasion of Babur in the 16th century as a "mortal wound."[citation needed] He views Vijayanagar, which fell in 1565, as the 'last bastion of native Hindu civilisation'.[citation needed] He bitingly condemned Pakistan in Among the Believers.[citation needed]

Women

Naipaul attracted media controversy with statements about women he made in a May 2011 interview at the Royal Geographic Society, expressing his view that women's writing was inferior to men's, and that there was no female writer whom he would consider his equal. Naipaul stated that women's writing was "quite different", reflecting women's "sentimentality, the narrow view of the world". He had previously criticised leading female Indian authors writing about the legacy of colonialism for the "banality" of their work.

من اصل هندي. عائلته سكنت ترنداد وهاجر هو وهو في سن 18 الى لندن للدراسة ومات ابوه وعمره 21 سنة.

يتيم الاب في سن الـ 21 .

10-31-2012, 12:12 PM

المشاركة 103

ايوب صابر

مراقب عام سابقا

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ايمري كيرتيش

هو روائي مجري ولد في بودابست في 9 نوفمبر 1929 حصل على جائزة نوبل للآداب في سنة 2002 وذلك ل "نتاجه الذي يروي تجربة الفرد الهشة في مواجهة تعسف التاريخ الوحشي" على حسب قول الأكاديمية السويدية. اعتقل عام 1944 وهو في الخامسة عشرة في معسكر أوشفيتز، ثم في بوخنفالد، قبل أن يفرج عنه عام 1945.
من أعماله

لا مصير – بودابست 1973
مقتفي الأثر: قصتان قصيرتان. بودابست 1977
الفشل – بودابست 1988
قديش (قداس) للطفل الذي لم يولد بعد – بودابست 1990
الراية الإنجليزية – بودابست 1991
يوميات العبودية – بودابست 1992
الهولوكاوست كثقافة – ثلاث محاضرات – بودابست 1993
المحضر (إمره كرتيس وبيتر أسترهازي) – بودابست 1993
شخص آخر: توثيق التحول – بودابست 1997
لحظة صمت، قبل أن تعيد سرية الاعدام ملئ البنادق- بودابست 1998
اللغة المنفية – بودابست 2001
التصفية - بودابست 2003
ملف ك - بودابست 2006

أعمال كرتيس المترجمة إلى اللغة العربية:

لا مصير. ترجمة ثائر صالح. دار المدى، دمشق 2005
الراية الإنجليزية- المحضر. ترجمة ثائر صالح. دار المدى، دمشق 2005

Imre Kertész (Hungarian: [ˈimrɛ ˈkɛrteːs]; born 9 November 1929) is a Hungarian author of Jewish descent, Holocaust concentration camp survivor, and recipient of the 2002 Nobel Prize in Literature, "for writing that upholds the fragile experience of the individual against the barbaric arbitrariness of history". Born in Budapest, Hungary, he resides in Berlin with his wife.

Background
During World War II, Kertész was deported at the age of 14 with other Hungarian Jews to the Auschwitz concentration camp, and was later sent to Buchenwald.
His best-known work, Fatelessness (Sorstalanság), describes the experience of 15-year-old György (George) Köves in the concentration camps of Auschwitz, Buchenwald and Zeitz. Some have interpreted the book as quasi-autobiographical, but the author disavows a strong biographical connection. In 2005, a film based on the novel, for which he wrote the script, was made in Hungary.[3] Although sharing the same title, the film is more autobiographical than the book: it was released internationally at various dates in 2005 and 2006.
Kertész's writings translated into English include Kaddish for a Child Not Born (Kaddis a meg nem született gyermekért) and Liquidation (Felszámolás). Kertész initially found little appreciation for his writing in Hungary and moved to Germany. Kertész started translating German works into Hungarian[ — such as The Birth of Tragedy by Nietzsche, the plays of Dürrenmatt, Schnitzler and Tankred Dorst, the thoughts of Wittgenstein — and he did not publish another novel until the late 1980s.[3] He continues to write in Hungarian and submits his works to publishers in Hungary.
He criticized Steven Spielberg's depiction of the Holocaust in his 1993 film Schindler's List as kitsch, saying: "I regard as kitsch any representation of the Holocaust that is incapable of understanding or unwilling to understand the organic connection between our own deformed mode of life and the very possibility of the Holocaust

Hungarian novelist, essayist, and translator, the winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2002. In his semiautobiographical novels Kertész has analyzed the experience of the individual during barbaric times, especially exemplified in the Holocaust. Kertész early prose exhibit existentialist traits but his works are difficult to classify within any stylistic trend.
"Auschwitz must have been hanging in the air for a long, long time, centuries, perhaps like a dark fruit slowly ripening in the sparkling rays of innumerable ignominious deeds, waiting to finally drop on one's head." (in Kaddish for a Child not Born, 1990)
Imre Kertész was born in Budapest into a family of Jewish descent. According to an anectote, he received at the age of ten a diary as a birthday present, but its white pages scared him. In his youth Kertész experienced the horrors of the Nazi system. Germans occupied Hungary in 1944 and began exterminating Jews and Gypsies. Kertész was deported together with 7,000 Hungarian Jews from Budapest to Auschwitz. There he spent a few days and was then transferred to Buchenwald and Zeitz. "I am a nonbelieving Jew", Kertész has said in an interview. "Yet as a Jew I was taken to Auschwitz." In the factory of death Kertész suddenly realized that he could be killed anywhere at any time. This existentialist moment became crucial for him as a writer.
In 1945 Kertész was liberated by the Allied forces. After returning to Hungary, he was employed as a journalist by Világosság, a Budapest newspaper. When the newspaper adopted orthodox Communist ideology, Kertész was dismissed. For a while he worked in a factory. Between 1951 and 1953 Kertész served in the army, and then devoted himself entirely to writing.

During the Hungarian uprising of 1956, some 200,000 people fled to the West. Literary life did not return to normality until 1963. Like a number of dissident writers in European countries under Communist dictatorship, Kertész supported himself as a translator, focusing on such German-language writers as Hugo von Hofmannsthal, Elias Canetti, Joseph Roth, and Arthur Schnitzler, and such thinkers as Friedrich Nietzsche, Sigmund Freud, and Ludwig Wittgenstein. For the theatre he wrote musicals and other light pieces. Kertész did not have a typewriter. He first wrote with a pencil, then with a ballpoint pen

مجري من اتباع الديانة اليهودية.
لا يعرف متى مات والديه لكنه سجن وعمره 14 سنه في مراكز الاعتقال النازية والتي اسماها بمصعن الموت.

مأزوم.

10-31-2012, 12:32 PM

المشاركة 104

ايوب صابر

مراقب عام سابقا

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جون ماكسويل كويتزي

هو روائي من جنوب أفريقيا ولد متحصل على جائزة نوبل للآداب سنة 2003 ليصبح ثاني كاتب جنوب أفريقي يفوز بالجائزة بعد نادين غورديمير . ولد كويتزي عام 1940 في كيب تاون وبدأ حياته الروائية سنة 1974 . نشأ في بيت يتحدث الإنجليزية رغم اصوله الهولندية وهو يتحدث اللغتين بطلاقة . هو أول كاتب يفوز بجائزة بوكر الادبية البريطانية المرموقة مرتين. درس في جامعة أديليد (en) الأسترالية وهو يدرس الآن في جامعة شيكاغو .

من أعماله

سيد بيترزبرج
عصر الحديد
الخصم
انتظار البرابرة
في قلب البلاد
اليزابيث كوستلو

العار

John Maxwell "J. M." Coetzee (February 1940) is a novelist, essayist, linguist, translator and recipient of the 2003 Nobel Prize in Literature. Of South African origin, he is now an Australian citizen and lives in Adelaide, South Australia. Prior to receiving the 2003 Nobel Prize in Literature, Coetzee twice won the Booker Prize.

Early life
Coetzee was born in Cape Town, Cape Province, Union of South Africa, on 9 February 1940 to parents of Afrikaner descent.
His father was an occasional lawyer, government employee and sheep farmer, and his mother a schoolteacher.
The family spoke English at home, but Coetzee spoke Afrikaans with other relatives. Coetzee is descended from early Dutch immigrants dating to the 17th century, and also has Polish ancestry from his maternal great-grandfather, Baltazar Dubiel.
Coetzee spent most of his early life in Cape Town and in Worcester in Cape Province (modern-day Western Cape) as recounted in his fictionalized memoir, Boyhood (1997).
The family moved to Worcester when Coetzee was eight after his father lost his government job due to disagreements over the state's apartheid policy.
Coetzee attended St. Joseph's College, a Catholic school in the Cape Town suburb of Rondebosch, and later studied mathematics and English at the University of Cape Town, receiving his Bachelor of Arts with Honours in English in 1960 and his Bachelor of Arts with Honours in Mathematics in 1961.
Coetzee married Philippa Jubber in 1963 and divorced in 1980. He had a daughter, Gisela (born 1968), and a son, Nicolas (born 1966), from the marriage.[10] Nicolas died in 1989 at the age of 23 in an accident.
On 6 March 2006, Coetzee became an Australian citizen.
Academic and literary career
Coetzee relocated to the United Kingdom in 1962, where he worked as a computer programmer, staying until 1965[ He worked for IBM in London. In 1963, while working in the UK, he was awarded a Master of Arts degree from the University of Cape Town for a dissertation on the novels of Ford Madox Ford.[4] His experiences in England were later recounted in Youth (2002), his second volume of fictionalized memoirs.
Coetzee went to the University of Texas at Austin, in the United States, on the Fulbright Program in 1965. He received a PhD in linguistics there in 1969. His PhD thesis was on computer stylistic analysis of the works of Samuel Beckett.[4] In 1968, he began teaching English literature at the State University of New York at Buffalo where he stayed until 1971.[4] It was at Buffalo that he started his first novel, Dusklands.[4] In 1971, Coetzee sought permanent residence in the United States, but it was denied due to his involvement in anti-Vietnam-War protests. In March 1970, Coetzee had been one of 45 faculty members who occupied the university's Hayes Hall and were subsequently arrested for criminal trespass. He then returned to South Africa to teach English literature at the University of Cape Town. He was promoted to Professor of General Literature in 1983 and was Distinguished Professor of Literature between 1999 and 2001.[4] Upon retiring in 2002, Coetzee relocated to Adelaide, Australia, where he was made an honorary research fellow at the English Department of the University of Adelaide,[14] where his partner, Dorothy Driver,[9] is a fellow academic.[16] He served as professor on the Committee on Social Thought at the University of Chicago until 2003.[17] In addition to his novels, he has published critical works and translations from Dutch and Afrikaans.[18]
In June 2011, he gave a reading from his new book at the University of York, UK, though no title or release date was made available. Its title has since been revealed as The Childhood of Jesus, due for release March 2013, and concerning the early life of Jesus, particularly his struggles to free himself from the iron-fisted discipline of his long-suffering parents, get the girl, earn a decent wage, and find his place in an unforgiving world[
Public image
Coetzee is known as reclusive and avoids publicity to such an extent that he did not collect either of his two Booker Prizes in person.[ Author Rian Malan has said that:
Coetzee is a man of almost monkish self-discipline and dedication. He does not drink, smoke or eat meat. He cycles vast distances to keep fit and spends at least an hour at his writing-desk each morning, seven days a week. A colleague who has worked with him for more than a decade claims to have seen him laugh just once. An acquaintance has attended several dinner parties where Coetzee has uttered not a single word.
As a result of his reclusive nature, signed copies of Coetzee's fiction are highly sought after.[ Recognising this, he was a key figure in the establishment of Oak Tree Press's First Chapter Series, a series of limited edition signed works by literary greats to raise money for the child victims and orphans of the African HIV/AIDS crisis.
==
John Maxwell Coetzee was born in Cape Town, South Africa, on 9 February 1940, the elder of two children. His mother was a primary school teacher. His father was trained as an attorney, but practiced as such only intermittently; during the years 1941–45 he served with the South African forces in North Africa and Italy. Though Coetzee's parents were not of British descent, the language spoken at home was English.
Coetzee received his primary schooling in Cape Town and in the nearby town of Worcester. For his secondary education he attended a school in Cape Town run by a Catholic order, the Marist Brothers. He matriculated in 1956.
Coetzee entered the University of Cape Town in 1957, and in 1960 and 1961 graduated successively with honours degrees in English and mathematics. He spent the years 1962–65 in England, working as a computer programmer while doing research for a thesis on the English novelist Ford Madox Ford.
==
South-African novelist, critic, and translator, who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2003. The violent history and politics of his native country, especially apartheid, has provided Coetzee much raw material for his work, but none of his books have been censored by the authorities. Often he has examined the effects of oppression within frameworks derived from postmodernist thought. Coetzee's reflective, unaffected and precise style cannot be characterized as experimental, but in his novels he has methodically broken the conventions of narration.

"He continues to teach because it provides him with a livelihood; also because it teaches him humility, brings it home to him who he is in the world. The irony does not escape him: that the one who comes to teach learns the keenest of lessons, while those who come to learn learn nothing." (from Disgrace, 1999)

John Maxwell Coetzee, a descendant from 17th-century Dutch settlers, was born in Cape Town. His father was a lawyer and his mother a schoolteacher. In his memoir, Boyhood (1997), Coetzee portrayed himself as a sickly, bookish boys, who adored his freedom-loving mother: "I will not be a prisoner in this house, she says. I will be free." At home Cotzee spoke English and with other relatives Afrikaans – his parents wanted to be English. Coetzee studied both mathematics and literature at the University of Cape Town. After graduating, he moved to England, where he worked as an applications programmer (1962-63) in London. His evening Coetzee spent in the British Museum, "reading Ford Madox Ford, and the rest of the time tramping the cold streets of London seeking the meaning of life," as he later said. From London he moved to Bracknell, Berkshire, where he worked as a systems programmer for a computer company

لا شك انه عاش طفولة كارثية بسبب الوضع في جنوب افريقيا. لا يعرف متى مات والديه. درس في مدرسة داخلية متزمة. يعتبر حياته مثال لما يحصل كنتيجة للاستعمار والتمييز العنصري.

مأزوم.

10-31-2012, 01:23 PM

المشاركة 105

ايوب صابر

مراقب عام سابقا



الفريدي يلينيك

(بالألمانية: Elfriede Jelinek) هي روائية نمساوية ولدت في مقاطعة ميورزيشلا في جنوب النمسا يوم 20 أكتوبر 1946 لأب يهودي ناج من معسكر اعتقال نازي وام كاثوليكية.
تحصلت على تعليم ديني في المدرسة الكاثوليكية، وبدأت في العام 1960 دراستها الموسيقية فتعلمت العزف على عدة آلات موسيقية: الاورغن، كالمزمار والقيثار والكمان وغيرها، ومن ثم واصلت دراستها في التأليف الموسيقي في معهد فيينا للموسيقى ودرست كذلك تاريخ الفن وعلم المسرح إلى جانب دراساتها الموسيقية.في عام 1967 بدأت يلينيك بنشر أعمالها الإبداعية التي أبرزتها ككاتبة ومحرضة سياسية وفي عام 1974 انتمت الكاتبة إلى الحزب الشيوعي النمساوي ولكنها خرجت منه عام 1991. في سنة 2004 منحت جائزة نوبل للأداب «لأن جريان موسيقاها يتوالف من تيار الأصوات الموسيقية والأصوات المضادة في رواياتها واعمالها الدرامية مع الحماس اللغوي غير المألوف الذي يميز نتاجها الأدبي، الذي يكشف اللامعقول في الكليشيهات الاجتماعية وقوتها المستعبدة» كما عللت الأكاديمية السويدية. تتحدث روايتها عن المرأة ووضعيتها في المجتمع النمساوي وتوصف ككاتبة مدافعة عن حرية المرأة.
عندما نمحت جائزة نوبل استقال أحد أعضاء الأكاديمية[1] ،منذ 1983, محتجا على منحها الجائزة وذلك ل «ان لغتها الادبية بسيطة، ونصوصها كتل كلامية محشوة، لا أثر لبنية فنية فيها، نصوص خالية من الافكار، لكنها مليئة بالكليشيهات والخلاعة العني»

من أعمالها

"المهمّشون" صدرت في 1980
«معلمة البيانو» صدرت العام 1983
«رغبة» في العام صدرت سنة 1989
«هؤلاء يقتلون الأطفال» صدرت عام 1995
«وصلة رياضة» صدرت عام 1998
«الممنوعون»

Elfriede Jelinek (German: [ɛlˈfʀiːdə ˈjɛlinɛk]; born 20 October 1946) is an Austrian playwright and novelist. She was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2004 for her "musical flow of voices and counter-voices in novels and plays that, with extraordinary linguistic zeal, reveal the absurdity of society's clichés and their subjugating power."

Biography

Jelinek was born on 20 October 1946 in Mürzzuschlag, Styria, Austria, the daughter of Olga Ilona (née Buchner), a personnel director, and Friedrich Jelinek.
She was raised in Vienna by her Romanian-German Catholic mother and Czech Jewish father (whose surname "Jelinek" means "little deer" in Czech).[
Her father was a chemist, who managed to avoid persecution during the Second World War by working in strategically important industrial production. However, several dozen family members became victims of the Holocaust.
Her mother, with whom she shared the household even as an adult, and with whom she had a difficult relationship, was from a formerly prosperous Vienna family.
As a child, Elfriede suffered from what she considered an over-restrictive education in a Roman Catholic convent school in Vienna.
Her mother planned a career for her as a musical wunderkind. Elfriede was instructed in piano, organ, guitar, violin, viola and recorder from an early age. Later, she went on to study at the Vienna Conservatory, where she graduated with an organist diploma. Jelinek also studied art history and drama at the University of Vienna. However, she had to discontinue her studies due to an anxiety disorder that prevented her from following courses.
Jelinek started writing poetry at a young age. She made her literary debut with the collection Lisas Schatten in 1967.
She married Gottfried Hüngsberg on 12 June 1974; she has no children.

لا يعرف متى مات والديها. درست في مدرسة كاثوليكية كتزمتة ويبدو ان ذلك تسبب لها بمشاكل نفسية لاحقا.

والدها يهودي وامها كاثوليكية.

مأزومة.

10-31-2012, 01:40 PM

المشاركة 106

ايوب صابر

مراقب عام سابقا



هارولد بنتر

(10 أكتوبر 1930 - 24 ديسمبر 2008)[1] (بالإنكليزية:Harold Pinter) كاتب مسرحي بريطاني ولد في لندن لأبوين يهوديين من الطبقة العاملة.
بدأ حياته المهنية كممثل. ومسرحيته الأولى "الغرفة" قُدمت في جامعة بريستول عام 1957 م. عمله المسرحي الثاني والذي يعدّ الآن من أفضل أعماله "حفلة عيد الميلاد"، قُدم في عام 1958 م، وواجه فشلاً تجاريًا رغم ترحيب النقاد بها. لكنها قدمت مرة أخرى بعد نجاح مسرحيته "الناظر" 1960م، والتي جعلته مسرحيا مهما، وهذه المرة استقبلت بشكل جيد.
مسرحياته الثلاثة الأولى وعمل آخر له، وهو "العودة إلى البيت" في عام 1964 م، جعلت عمله يصنف على أنه من كوميديا التهديد. حيث تبدأ المواقف بشكل برئ جدًا ثم تتطور بطريقة عبثية لأن الشخصيات في المسرحية تتصرف بطريقة غير مفهومة، لا للجمهور ولا حتى لبقية الشخصيات. اعتبر هذا الأمر تأثيرا واضحا لصموئيل بيكيت على بنتر، وقد صار الرجلان صديقين من يومها.
في عقد السبعينات تفرغ بنتر للإخراج أكثر، وعمل كمساعد مخرج في المسرح الوطني عام 1973 مم وأصبحت مسرحياته أكثر قصرا ومحملة بصور الاضطهاد والقمع. وفي عام 2005 م أعلن بنتر اعتزاله الكتابة وتفرغه للحملات السياسية.
لبنتر نشاط سياسي مميز دفاعا عن الحقوق والحريات بغض النظر عن المواقف الرسمية لبلاده. في عام 1985 م كان مع المسرحي الأمريكي آرثر ميللر في زيارة إلى تركيا، وهناك تعرّف على أنواع التعذيب والقمع التي يتعرض لها المعارضون. وفي حفل رسمي في السفارة الأمريكية أقيم على شرف ميللر، تقدم بنتر ليلقي كلمة عن أنواع التعذيب والإذلال الجسدي التي يتعرض لها المعارضون للنظام الذي كانت الحكومة الأمريكية تدعمه. أدى الأمر إلى طرده من الحفل وخرج ميللر متضامنا معه من الحفل الذي أقيم على شرفه. وظهر أثر زيارته لتركيا في مسرحية "لغة الجبل" 1988 م.
عارض بنتر مشاركة بلاده لغزو أفغانستان كما عارض حرب العراق، ونعت الرئيس الأمريكي جورج بوش "بالمجرم الجماعي"، وقارن بينه وبين هتلر، ووصف رئيس الوزراء البريطاني السابق توني بلير "بالأبله".
في 13 أكتوبر عام 2005م، أعلنت الأكاديمية السويدية فوز هارولد بنتر بجائزة نوبل للأداب لعام 2005 م، معللة ذلك "بأن أعماله تكشف الهاوية الموجودة خلف قوى الاضطهاد في غرف التعذيب المغلقة".

Harold Pinter, CH, CBE (10 October 1930 – 24 December 2008) was a Nobel Prize-winning English playwright, screenwriter, director and actor. One of the most influential modern British dramatists, his writing career spanned more than 50 years. His best-known plays include The Birthday Party (1957), The Homecoming (1964), and Betrayal (1978), each of which he adapted to film. His screenplay adaptations of others' works include The Servant (1963), The Go-Between (1970), The French Lieutenant's Woman (1981), The Trial (1993), and Sleuth (2007). He also directed or acted in radio, stage, television, and film productions of his own and others' works.
Pinter was born and raised in Hackney, east London, and educated at Hackney Downs School. He was a sprinter and a keen cricket player, acting in school plays and writing poetry. He attended the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art but did not complete the course. He was fined for refusing National Service as a conscientious objector. Subsequently, he continued training at the Central School of Speech and Drama and worked in repertory theatre in Ireland and England. In 1956 he married actress Vivien Merchant and had a son, Daniel born in 1958. He left Merchant in 1975 and married author Antonia Fraser in 1980.
Pinter's career as a playwright began with a production of The Room in 1957. His second play, The Birthday Party, closed after eight performances, but was enthusiastically reviewed by critic Harold Hobson. His early works were described by critics as "comedy of menace". Later plays such as No Man's Land (1975) and Betrayal (1978) became known as "memory plays". He appeared as an actor in productions of his own work on radio and film. He also undertook a number of roles in works by other writers. He directed nearly 50 productions for stage, theatre and screen. Pinter received over 50 awards, prizes, and other honours, including the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2005 and the French Légion d'honneur in 2007.
Despite frail health after being diagnosed with oesophageal cancer in December 2001, Pinter continued to act on stage and screen, last performing the title role of Samuel Beckett's one-act monologue Krapp's Last Tape, for the 50th anniversary season of the Royal Court Theatre, in October 2006. He died from liver cancer on 24 December 2008.

Early life and education

- Pinter was born on 10 October 1930, in Hackney, east London, as the only child of lower middle class English parents of Jewish Eastern European ancestry:
- his father, Jack Pinter (1902–1997) was a ladies' tailor;
- his mother, Frances (née Moskowitz; 1904–1992), a housewife.
Pinter believed an aunt's erroneous view that the family was Sephardic and had fled the Spanish Inquisition; thus, for his early poems, Pinter used the pseudonym Pinta and at other times used variations such as da Pinto. Later research by Antonia Fraser, Pinter's second wife, revealed the legend to be apocryphal; three of Pinter's grandparents came from Poland and the fourth from Odessa, so the family was Ashkenazic.
Pinter's family home in London is described by his official biographer Michael Billington as "a solid, red-brick, three-storey villa just off the noisy, bustling, traffic-ridden thoroughfare of the Lower Clapton Road".[
In 1940 and 1941, after the Blitz, Pinter was evacuated from their house in London to Cornwall and Reading.[5] Billington states that the "life-and-death intensity of daily experience" before and during the Blitz left Pinter with profound memories "of loneliness, bewilderment, separation and loss: themes that are in all his works."[6]
Pinter discovered his social potential as a student at Hackney Downs School, a London grammar school, between 1944 and 1948. "Partly through the school and partly through the social life of Hackney Boys' Club ... he formed an almost sacerdotal belief in the power of male friendship. The friends he made in those days—most particularly Henry Woolf, Michael (Mick) Goldstein and Morris (Moishe) Wernick—have always been a vital part of the emotional texture of his life."[ A major influence on Pinter was his inspirational English teacher Joseph Brearley, who directed him in school plays and with whom he took long walks, talking about literature.[8] According to Billington, under Brearley's instruction, "Pinter shone at English, wrote for the school magazine and discovered a gift for acting."[9][10] In 1947 and 1948, he played Romeo and Macbeth in productions directed by Brearley.[11]
At the age of 12, Pinter began writing poetry, and in spring 1947, his poetry was first published in the Hackney Downs School Magazine.[12] In 1950, his poetry was first published outside of the school magazine in Poetry London, some of it under the pseudonym "Harold Pinta".[13][14]

طفولة مأزومة. من ابوين يهوديين.
بريطاني من اصول بةلندية ومن اتباع الديانة اليهدودية.

مأزوم.

10-31-2012, 02:52 PM

المشاركة 107

ايوب صابر

مراقب عام سابقا



أورخان باموق
، روائي تركي فاز بجائزة نوبل للأداب، لعام 2006. من مواليد إسطنبول في 7 يونيو عام 1952 وهو ينتمي لأسرة تركية مثقفة. درس العمارة والصحافة قبل أن يتجه الي الأدب والكتابة كما يعد أحد أهم الكتاب المعاصرين في تركيا وترجمت اعماله الي 34 لغة حتي الآن، ويقرأه الناس في أكثر من 100 دولة. في فبراير 2003 صرح باموق لمجلة سويسرية بأن "مليون أرمني و30 ألف كردي قتلوا على هذه الأرض، لكن لا أحد غيري يجرؤ على قول ذلك".
تمت ملاحقته قضائيا أمام القضاء التركي بسبب "إهانة الهوية التركية"،ولشخصية شبه مقدسة عند الأتراك وهي شخصية (مصطفى كمال أتاتورك) وهما جريمتين يعاقب عليهما القانون بحسب الفقرة 301, وقد عفى من الملاحقة القضائية أخيرا في نهاية 2006. بجانب تصريحاته حول "مذابح" الأرمن والأكراد، كان باموق أول كاتب في العالم الإسلامي يدين الفتوى الإيرانية التي تبيح دم الكاتب سلمان رشدي بسبب كتاباته المسيئة للإسلام. حصل على جائزة نوبل للآداب عام 2006م.
في فبراير 2007 وبعد مقتل أحد الصحفيين الاتراك من اصل ارمينى لكتاباتة التي تندد بمذابح الارمن تلقى أورخان باموق تهديدات بالقتل واخبرتة السلطات الأمنية ان هذة التهديدات جدية فقام بسحب ما يقارب المليون دولار وسافر هاربا إلى الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية. اختير كعضو في لجنة تحكيم مهرجان كان السينمائي لعام 2007.
أعماله

جودت بيه وأبناؤه (رواية) صدرت عام 1982 م
المنزل الهادئ (رواية) صدرت عام 1991 م
القلعة البيضاء (رواية) صدرت عام 1995
الكتاب الأسود (رواية) صدرت عام 1997 م
ورد في دمشق (رواية) صدرت عام 2000 م
الحياة الجديدة (رواية) صدرت عام 2001 م
اسمي أحمر (رواية) صدرت عام 2003 م
ثلج (رواية) صدرت عام 2004 م
وله كتاب واحد عن حياته إسطنبول (رواية) صدر عام 2003 م
متحف البراءة (رواية) صدرت بالتركية عام 2008 وباللغة الإنجليزية عام 2009.

حياته ورواياته
أورهان باموق روائي "خطير". بعضهم يصف كتابته بالفلسفية، وآخرون بالتاريخية، وثمة من يربطها بالفانتازيا البورخيسية الحديثة. لكنها في الواقع خليط من كل ذلك، وأكثر. وخطورته اولاً في لغته الهذيانية، الضبابية عمداً، المهجّنة بين حدّي العقلانية والهلوسة.
لغةٌ هي سلسلة من المتاهات والتعرّجات والدورات والمنعطفات والمنحدرات التي لا تؤدي إلى مكان، أو التي تؤدي بالأحرى إلى اللإمكان، حتى اننا نتساءل: هل ثمة غاية سيدركها الكاتب بعد كل هذا الترحال، وما عساها تكون؟ وباموق خطير كذلك لأنه يدفعنا قرّاء إلى الحافة. يعكس المعادلة فيمتحن قدراتنا بدلاً من أن يكون هو الممتَحَن. يدفعنا إلى التكهن والابتكار. "يورطنا" في صناعة القصّة، فنشعر أحياناً كما لو أن روايته تبحث عن معانيها بمعزل عنه، كما لو انها تنكتب للتو أمام أعيننا. وبنا. وهو خطير بخاصة في ذاك الأسلوب المغناطيسي المربك، المتحدّي الذي يحضّ به الإنسان على النظر إلى داخله، على البحث عن هويته وحقيقته، وعلى طرح "الاسئلة الكبرى" حول ثنائيات الشرق والغرب، التشابه والاختلاف، الجماعة والفرد، الواقع والخيال، المعنى والعبث، اليقين والالتباس، وسواها من التناقضات والتشابكات التي تصوغ الكيان والشخصية والخصوصية. لهذه الأسباب وسواها، لا مبالغة في القول ان أورهان باموق، المولود في إسطنبول عام ،1952 هو من أبرز محدثي الرواية التركية وأكثرهم جرأة وأوسعهم انتشاراً واستحقاقاً لانتشاره، أذ ترجمت أعماله (*) إلى ما يزيد على عشرين لغة إلى الآن. وأعلنت بلدية مدينة دبلن قبل نحو اسبوعين منحه جائزة ايمباك Impac الأدبية الدولية لسنة 2003 لروايته الأخيرة "أحمر هو اسمي".
نشأ باموق في مدينة إسطنبول في كنف عائلة بورجوازية، وتابع بدايةً دراسات في الهندسة المعمارية قبل أن ينتقل إلى الصحافة، ومنها إلى الكتابة، وحاز جوائز أدبية عديدة في تركيا وخارجها. وتثير كتبه في الواقع ردود فعل متطرفة، من الإدانة القصوى إلى التكريس المطلق. ففي حين يتهمه المثقفون الإسلاميون مثلاً باستغلال الموضوعات الدينية والتاريخية، التي غالباً ما تشكّل قماشة رواياته، باسم الحداثة الغربية، لا ينفك العلمانيون يلومونه على انتقاده الصريح لايديولوجيا الدولة. ورفض الكاتب أخيراً قرار الحكومة التركية تكريمه عبر منحه لقب "فنان دولة" الذي يعتبر أهم لقب ثقافي في البلاد، مستنكراً انتهاكها بعض حقوق الإنسان وسجنها الكتّاب وتقييدها حرية التعبير. إلا أن تمرّد باموق غير استعراضي عامة، ورغم أن للسياسة حضوراً مضمراً في قلمه، لكنّ الأدب هو بطله الأكبر.
مما لا شك فيه ان للتأثيرات الغربية في الحياة التركية التقليدية، و"الهوس" التركي بالوجه الأوروبي وتنازع البلاد بين هويتين وانتماءين، حضوراً بارزاً وأساسياً في روايات باموق، وهو يستخدم التناقضات والازدواجيات والتضادات من كل نوع لخدمة هذا الحضور. لكنه إذ يرفض نزعة الثقافة التركية إلى "تغريب" نفسها بتجاهلها التقاليد والجذور، انما يفعل ليؤكد ان "مفهومي الشرق والغرب غير موجودين حقاً، بل هما وجهان للحضارة نفسها". اما الهوية فهي الذاكرة في رأيه، أو الماضي الذي يروم الانتصار على النسيان وبناء المستقبل، فيقول في هذا الصدد: "اذا حاولتم قمع الذاكرة، لا مفرّ من أن يعود شيء منها إلى السطح. أنا هو ما يعود". بذلك يتضح لنا ان باموق يبغي في الدرجة الأولى، من خلال مزجه هذا بين الذاكرة والمستقبل، بين الأسرار الصوفية والحكايات الإسلامية التقليدية والأدب الشعبي واللغة التجريبية الما بعد حداثوية، لا أن يروي قصة الصدام بين الشرق والغرب، بل ان يصوّر على الارجح علاقة الشغف التي تربطهما، شغف ملتهب إلى حد يدفعنا إلى التساؤل هل يمكن الثقافات ان تتبادل الهوى مثل الأفراد.
كانت بدايات أورهان باموق في الواقعية الكلاسيكية، لكن تجربته الروائية تطورت في ايقاع سريع ومكثف منذ كتابه الثاني "البيت الصامت" (1983)، لتدخل في لعبة الترميز والمرايا، وهي لعبة مألوفة لدى كتّاب الفانتازيا الكبار من أمثال ايتالو كالفينو ووليم غاس وخورخي لويس بورخيس، فضلاً عن الحضور الواضح لتأثيرات فوكنر في كتابته. هكذا نشهد في جملة طبقات متراصة ومتشابكة من المعاني والأسرار، كما لو ان تحت كل حقيقة تكمن حقيقة أخرى على نحو متراكب يذكّر بالدمى الروسيــة. كتابــة صعبة، مجازية، معقّدة، "مذنبة" بامتياز في ذهنيتها إذ لا شيء من العفوية فيها، بــل يمكــن القول انها جولة مصارعة مع الكلمات، وان بدت للوهلة الأولى "بسيطة" وتلقائية:
"وتسألون كيف أحببته؟ أحببته كما احببت شبح ذاتي العاجزة البائسة حين تراءت لي في الحلم، أحببته بالخزي نفسه الذي يخنق ذلك الشبح وبسخطه وإثمه وحنينه، بالعار الذي يجتاح الروح لدى رؤية حيوان بري يحتضر متألماً، أو بالغيظ الذي توقظه انانية ولد مدلل. وربما أحببته خاصة بالاشمئزاز السخيف والسرور السخيف اللذين تثيرهما فيّ معرفتي لذاتي".
انها لغة تخاطب القارئ وتمنحه كما ذكرنا امتياز "وجهة النظر" وتحمّله وزر هذا التدخل على حد سواء. ولطالما ردّد باموق في حواراته انه يرغب في ابتكار كتابة تعكس نسيج الحياة في مدينة إسطنبول. ويمكن القول انه نجح في ذلك على نحو بارع، لأن كتابته، مثل مدينته، تتأرجح في توازن دقيق بين الشكل والفوضى، بين التخطيط وانعدام التناسق، بين سحر الماضي وغزو الاسمنت، وأيضاً، وخاصة، بين وجهيها الشرقي والغربي.
أما على صعيد رواية "أحمر هو اسمي" الفائزة بجائزة إيمباك، فهي جدارية تاريخية - فلسفية - فنية - دينية - بوليسية تتضافر فيها قصص الاغتيالات والمؤامرات والدسائس بين رسامي المنمنمات الإسلامية في البلاط العثماني في القرن السادس عشر، مع قصص الغيرة والحنين والأحقاد والحب الممنوع. انها حكاية فنان تركي قُتل إذ كان يرسم لوحة بأسلوب غربي، ولذلك فإن اللون الاحمر فيها هو لون الدم والجريمة بقدر ما هو لون الجنة التي تنتظر روح الفنان بعد الموت، انه الاحمر المتوهج "على اجنحة الملائكة وعلى شفاه النساء"، بقدر ما هو ذلك النازف "من جروح القتلى والرؤوس المقطوعة". انما يمكن القول انها في شكل رئيسي رواية حول الفن ودوره في المجتمع والاخلاق والدين، إذ تتضمن شبه دراسة عن المنمنمات الإسلامية وتاريخها والتأثيرات الصينية التي جلبها المغول إليها. رواية حافلة بالمناقشات حول الشكل والأسلوب، وبقصص عن كبار رسامي المنمنمات وعن العالم مرئياً من وجهة نظرهم، فضلاً عن بعدها الفلسفي، كتطرّقها إلى معنى العمى من خلال الرسام الذي يدرك العظمة بعد فقدان بصره لأن الصور والألوان محفورة في ذاكرته. وهي بالتالي رواية ذات نفس شمولي، بلا زمان ولا مكان، وإن كانت تُبرز صورة تركيا القديمة الجديدة، الخالدة العابرة. وجدير بالذكر ان باموق الذي كان يحلم في صغره بأن يكون رساماً، يصف بعض اللوحات بلغة تحاذي الشعر. وتحمل الرواية كذلك بعض تفاصيل طفولته من خلال شخصيــة اورهـــان، أي انها تملك عناصر السيرة الذاتية، وكل ذلك متشابك مثل البازل. ويضم الكتاب أيضاً خريطة وعرضاً لأبرز الأحداث في تاريخ الفن الإسلامي.
يقول أورهان باموق ان كتابة روايته هذه استغرقته ستة أعوام. وهي رواية على غرار "اسم الوردة" لأمبرتو إيكو، يتداخل فيها الخيال الأدبي والأجواء الأسطورية مع الاستطرادات الفلسفية، فتتحاذى فيها المكائد الدنيئة مع الحساسية الفنية الراقية. وهي مكتوبة من زوايا مختلفة وبأصوات متعددة تتناوب على عرض القصة، كصوت الفنان القتيل الذي يخاطبنا من قعر البئر، أو الكلب أو الشجرة أو حتى اللون الاحمر. ومن خلال تعدد الأصوات هذا، يتيح باموق للقارئ ان يتعاطف مع وجهات نظر كل الشخصيات أو ان يفهمها على الأقل، حتى تلك المدانة منها، كوجهة نظر الشيطان مثلاً. وهذا التركيب يخدم حبكة القصة والجدال الثقافي الذي تتضمنه على حد سواء. إلا أن بعض النقاد يلومون باموق على ايقاعه المغالي في البطء وعلى التفاصيل والأحاجي المتعبة التي تضيّع القارئ أحياناً، وتصيبه بشيء من "الاحباط الفكري". أما الكاتب فيتبرأ من هذه التهمة ملقياً تبعيتها على مزاجية شخصياته نفسها، مؤكداً خوفه من اليوم الذي "سيتحالف فيه ابطاله وقرّاؤه ضده".
يقول اورهان باموق على لسان احدى شخصياته في مطلع روايته "حياة جديدة": "ذات يوم قرأت كتاباً، ومذاك تغيّرت حياتي كلها". هذا الدافع تحديداً أو بالأحرى هذه النتيجة هي ما يحضنا اليوم على دعوتكم إلى قراءته، أو إلى اعادة اكتشافه.
==
عائلة تشبه رواياته
ولدَ أورهان باموك عام 1952 وكَبرَ في عائلة مشابهة لتلك التي يَصِفُها في رواية (جودت بك واولاده) أو(الكتاب الأسود) في أحدى الضواحي الارستفراطية العتيقة من اسطنبول. منذ طفولتِه حتى عُمرِ 22 عاماً كرّسَ حياته بشكل كبير لصِباغَة حُلِمَ أن يُصبحُ فناناً. بعد التَخَرُّج مِنْ المدرسة الامريكية في إسطنبول، دَرسَ الهندسة المعماريةَ في جامعةِ إسطنبول لثلاث سَنَواتِ، لكنه فضل التَخلّى عن طموحَه أَنْ يُصبحَ مهندساً معمارياً. ليكمل دراسته في الصحافةِ مِنْ الجامعةِ نفسها.
عمل باموك في الصحافة منذ أن كان عمره 23 عاماً، بعدها اتخذ القرار الذي اوصله الى مجد نوبل عندما تخلى عن كل شئ من أجل الكلمات، فصار مكانه المفضل شقته حيث يبدا العمل منذ العاشرة صباحاً وحتى السابعة مساء كل يوم. وكما توقع يوناس اكلسون الناشر لدى دار بونييه، احدى ابرز دور النشر في السويد، ان الشيء الوحيد الواضح جدا هو ان ادب الشهادة الواقعية يلاقي نجاحا كبيرا. لكن بالنسبة اليه فان الشاعر السوري ادونيس والتركي اورهان باموك هما من الاوفر حظا ايضا معبرا ايضا عن رغبته في ان ينال الياباني هاروكي موراكامي الجائزة. وقال لوكالة الصحافة الفرنسية قبل يوم من اعلان الجائزة غالبا ما نعتقد ان الكتاب القادمين من مختلف المناطق التي تشهد حروبا يمكن ان ينالوا الجائزة.
==

Ferit Orhan Pamuk (generally known simply as Orhan Pamuk; born on 7 June 1952) is a Turkish novelist, screenwriter, academic and recipient of the 2006 Nobel Prize in Literature. He is becoming the second youngest person to receive the award in its history.[ One of Turkey's most prominent novelists,[2] his work has sold over eleven million books in sixty languages,[3] making him the country's best-selling writer.
Born in Istanbul, Pamuk is Robert Yik-Fong Tam Professor in the Humanities at Columbia University, where he teaches comparative literature and writing.[5] His novels include The White Castle, The Black Book, The New Life, My Name Is Red and Snow.
As well as the Nobel Prize in Literature (the first Nobel Prize to be awarded to a Turkish citizen), Pamuk is the recipient of numerous other literary awards. My Name Is Red won the 2002 Prix du Meilleur Livre Étranger, 2002 Premio Grinzane Cavour and 2003 International IMPAC Dublin Literary Award.
The European Writers' Parliament came about as a result of a joint proposal by Pamuk and José Saramago.[6] In 2005, Pamuk was put on trial in Turkey after he made a statement regarding the Armenian Genocide and mass killing of Kurds in the Ottoman Empire. His intention, according to the author himself, had been to highlight issues relating to freedom of speech (or lack thereof) in the country of his birth. The ensuing controversy featured the burning of Pamuk's books at rallies. He has also been the target of assassination attempts.[7]

Early life

Pamuk was born in Istanbul in 1952 and grew up in a wealthy yet declining upper-class family; an experience he describes in passing in his novels The Black Book and Cevdet Bey and His Sons, as well as more thoroughly in his personal memoir Istanbul.
He was educated at Robert College secondary school in Istanbul and went on to study architecture at the Istanbul Technical University since it was related to his real dream career, painting.[8] He left the architecture school after three years, however, to become a full-time writer, and graduated from the Institute of Journalism at the University of Istanbul in 1976.
From ages 22 to 30, Pamuk lived with his mother, writing his first novel and attempting to find a publisher. He describes himself as a Cultural Muslim who associates the historical and cultural identification with the religion while not believing in a personal connection to God.
=
In 2006 Pumak was awarded te the Nobel Prize for Literature. His acceptance speech, given in Turkish, viewed the relations between Eastern and Western Civilizations:
What literature needs most to tell and investigate today are humanity's basic fears: the fear of being left outside, and the fear of counting for nothing, and the feelings of worthlessness that come with such fears; the collective humiliations, vulnerabilities, slights, grievances, sensitivities, and imagined insults, and the nationalist boasts and inflations that are their next of kin.... Whenever I am confronted by such sentiments, and by the irrational, overstated language in which they are usually expressed, I know they touch on a darkness inside me. We have often witnessed peoples, societies and nations outside the Western world—and I can identify with them easily— succumbing to fears that sometimes lead them to commit stupidities, all because of their fears of humiliation and their sensitivities. I also know that in the West—a world with which I can identify with the same ease—nations and peoples taking an excessive pride in their wealth, and in their having brought us the Renaissance, the Enlightenment, and Modernism, have, from time to time, succumbed to a self-satisfaction that is almost as stupid.
—Orhan Pamuk, Nobel Lecture (translation by Maureen Freely

==

عاش مع والدته منذ سن 22 وهو ما يشير الى غياب والده والاغلب انه يتيم الاب رغم عدم وجود معلومة تشير الى ذلك.

يتيم الاب قبل سن 22 .

10-31-2012, 03:56 PM

المشاركة 108

ايوب صابر

مراقب عام سابقا



دوريس ليسينغ
(بالإنجليزية: Doris Lessing؛ ولدت في 22 أكتوبر 1919م تحت اسم دوريس ماي تايلر بالإنجليزية: Doris May Tayler) هي كاتبة وروائية بريطانية، حازت على جائزة نوبل للآداب عام 2007، وتعتبر السيدة الحادية عشر التي تحوز على الجائزة في فئة الأدب، وأكبر الفائزين عمراً في هذه الفئة .
النشأة
ولدت ليسينغ في مدينة كرمانشاه في بلاد فارس (إيران حالياً)، حيث عمل أباها هناك كموظف في البنك الفارسي الملكي. انتقلت العائلة بعد ذلك إلى مستعمرة بريطانية في روديشيا الجنوبية (زيمبابوي حالياً) عام 1925م، حيث امتلكت مزرعة، إلا أنها لم تدر أرباحاً بعكس توقعات العائلة. إرتادت ليسينغ مدرسة دومينيكان كوفينت الثانوية حتى بلغت الثالثة عشرة من العمر، حيث أكملت تعليمها بنفسها بعد ذلك
. ولما بلغت الخامسة عشر من عمرها، استقلت عن منزل أسرتها وعملت كممرضة، وبدأت من ذلك الوقنت قراءاتها في مجالي السياسة وعلم الاجتماع، وكان ذلك أيضا حين بدأت أول محاولاتها في الكتابة. في عام 1937 انتقلت ليسينغ إلى مدينة سايسبوري، حيث اشتغلت كعاملة تليفونات، وسرعان ما تزوجت للمرة الأولى، وكان ذلك من فرانك وسدوم، الذي انجبت منه طفلين، قبل أن تنتهي تلك الزيجة عام 1943.
انضمت ليسينغ بعد طلاقها إلى نادي كتب اليسار، وهو أحد نوادي الكتب الشيوعية، والذي تعرفت فيه على جوتفريد ليسينغ، والذي سرعان ما أصبح زوجها الثاني بمجرد التحاقها بالمجموعة، وانجبت منه طفلا واحدا قبل أن تنتهي تلك الزيجة أيضا، وذلك في 1949.
اتجهت ليسينغ من فورها إلى لندن، ساعية وراء أحلامها الشيوعية ومشوارها الأدبي. وقد تركت طفليها الأولين من زواجها الأول مع أبيهما في جنوب أفريقيا وأصطحبت معها الابن الأصغر. ولقد علقت ليسينغ على ذلك فيما بعد بأن قالت أنها شعرت في ذلك الوقت بأنه لا خيار أمامها، كما قالت: "لطالما ظننت أن ما فعلته هو أمر في غاية الشجاعة. فلا شيء أكثر إملالا لامرأة مثقفة من أن تقضي وقتها بلا نهاية مع أطفالا صغار. فلقد شعرت أني لست أصلح الناس لتربيتهم، وأني لو كنت قد استمررت، لانتهى بي الأمر كمدمنة للخمر أو كإنسانة محبطة مثلما حدث لأمي".
نتيجة للتنوع الحضاري الذي تعرضت إليه ليسينغ خلال حياتها، فقد تمكنت من استخدامه بفعالية في كتاباتها، والتي كانت تتحدث في الغالب عن المشاكل والأحداث في تلك الفترة الزمنية.
من أشهر مؤلفاتها "The Golden Notebook" [3].

Doris May Lessing CH (née Tayler; born 22 October 1919) is a British novelist, poet, playwright, librettist, biographer and short story writer. Her novels include The Grass Is Singing (1950), the sequence of five novels collectively called Children of Violence (1952–69), The Golden Notebook (1962), The Good Terrorist (1985), and five novels collectively known as Canopus in Argos: Archives (1979–1983).
Lessing was awarded the 2007 Nobel Prize in Literature. In doing so the Swedish Academy described her as "that epicist of the female experience, who with scepticism, fire and visionary power has subjected a divided civilisation to scrutiny".[1] Lessing was the eleventh woman and the oldest ever person to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature.[2][3][4]
In 2001, Lessing was awarded the David Cohen Prize for a lifetime's achievement in British Literature. In 2008, The Times ranked her fifth on a list of "The 50 greatest British writers since 1945".[5]

Early life

Lessing was born in Iran, then known as Persia, on 22 October 1919, to Captain Alfred Tayler and Emily Maude Tayler (née McVeagh), who were both English and of British nationality.
Her father, who had lost a leg during his service in World War I, met his future wife, a nurse, at the Royal Free Hospital where he was recovering from his amputation.[7][8]
Alfred Tayler and his wife moved to Kermanshah, Iran, in order to take up a job as a clerk for the Imperial Bank of Persia and it was there that Doris was born in 1919.
The family then moved to the then British colony of Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) in 1925 to farm maize, among other plants, when her father purchased around one thousand acres of bush. Lessing's mother attempted to lead an Edwardian lifestyle amidst the rough environment, which would have been easy had the family been wealthy; in reality, such a lifestyle was not feasible. The farm failed to deliver any monetary value in return .[11]
- Lessing was educated at the Dominican Convent High School, a Roman Catholic convent all-girls school in Salisbury (now Harare).
- She left school at the age of 14, and was self-educated from there on;
- she left home at 15 and worked as a nursemaid.
She started reading material that her employer gave her, on politics and sociology [8] and began writing around this time. In 1937, Lessing moved to Salisbury to work as a telephone operator, and she soon married her first husband, Frank Wisdom, with whom she had two children (John and Jean), before the marriage ended in 1943.[8]
Following her first divorce, Lessing's interest was drawn to the popular community of the Left Book Club, a communist book club which she had joined the year before.[11][13] It was here that she met her future second husband, Gottfried Lessing. They were married shortly after she joined the group, and had a child together (Peter), before the marriage failed and ended in divorce in 1949. After these two failed marriages, she has not been married since. Later on Gottfried Lessing became the East German ambassador to Uganda, and was murdered in the 1979 rebellion against Idi Amin Dada.[8]
When she fled to London to pursue her writing career and communist beliefs, she left two toddlers with their father in South Africa (another, from her second marriage, went with her). She later said that at the time she thought she had no choice: "For a long time I felt I had done a very brave thing. There is nothing more boring for an intelligent woman than to spend endless amounts of time with small children. I felt I wasn't the best person to bring them up. I would have ended up an alcoholic or a frustrated intellectual like my mother."
==
Her childhood was lonely, the nearest neighbours were miles away and there was no real roads between the farms.
In 1926 Lessing was sent to a convent school in Salisbury (now Harare), where the Roman Catholic teachers tried to convert her from the family's Protestant faith. "I was cripplingly homesick," Lessing later said. She left the Girls' High School at the age of fourteen and then earned her living as a nursemaid, telephone operator and clerk. At nineteen she married Frank Wisdom, a civil servant; they had two children
[

طفولة صعبة. وحدة قاسية في مزرعة نائية. ثم درست في مدرسة كاثوليكية داخلية متزمة. غادرت المدرسة وعمرها 14 سنة. وغادرت منزل والديها وعمرها 15 سنة. تزوجت وعمرها 19 سنة. لا يعرف متى مات والديها وما اسباب مغادرتها في ذلك السن.
يتيمة اجتماعية.

10-31-2012, 04:16 PM

المشاركة 109

ايوب صابر

مراقب عام سابقا

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جان ماري غوستاف لو كليزيو
(13 أبريل 1940 - ) في مدينة نيس الفرنسية، وقد قضى سنتين من طفولته في نيجيريا، وقام بالتدريس في جامعات في بانكوك وبوسطن ومسكيكو سيتي. روائي فرنسي حائز على جائزة نوبل للآداب 2008. كان لوكليزيو قد اشتهر عالم 1980 بعد نشر رواية "الصحراء" التي اعتبرتها الاكاديمية السويدية تقدم "صورا رائعة لثقافة ضائعة في صحراء شمال أفريقيا".
أعماله
في عام 1965 صدرت له مجموعة من القصص القصيرة بعنوان الحمَّى ثم مجموعة أخرى في العام التالي بعنوان الطوفان، ثم الأرض المقدسة في عام 1967 يليها «النشوة الحسية» في العام نفسه ثم كتاب «الهرب» عام 1969 ثم «الحرب» عام 1970 ثم «العمالقة» عام 1973. بعد ذلك توالت العناوين على النحو التالي:

نيدرياز 1973 Nydriase.
رحلات في البر الآخر 1975.
نبوءات شيلام بالام عام 1976.
المجهول على سطح الأرض 1978.
موندو وحكايات أخرى 1978.
صحراء 1980.
ثلاث مدن مقدسة 1980.
الدائرة وحوادث أخرى 1982.

ثم نشر قصصاً للأطفال منها:

«الذي لم يشاهد البحر في حياته مع جبل الله الحي» 1982.
رحلة إلى بلاد الأشجار 1984.
في العام التالي ظهر له كتاب «الباحث عن الذهب».
في العام نفسه كتاب «اليوم الذي عرف فيه بومون الألم».
في عام 1986 نشر لوكليزيو جزءاً من مذكراته.
في عام 1989 مجموعة قصصية بعنوان الربيع والفصول الأخرى.
في عام 1992 صدرت له روايتان بعنوان «النجمة الهائمة» و«باوانا».
في عام 1995 رواية «المحجر» ثم روايتان في عام 1997 «السمكة الذهبية» و«الحفلة الغنائية».
في عام 1999 رواية «مصادفة».
في عام 2000 مجموعة أخرى بعنوان «قلب يحترق وحكايات أخرى».
في 2003 رواية «ثورات» .
رواية «أورانيا» عام 2006.
وأخيراً رواية بعنوان «قَرْصُ الجوع» عام 2008.

كما نشر لوكليزيو العديد من البحوث والدراسات، و نشر الكثير من المقالات في عدد من الصحف والدوريات الأدبية المعروفة مثل الجريدة الفرنسية الجديدة، ولوموندو، والمجلة الأدبية، وكانزين ليتّيرير.

Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio born 13 April 1940), usually identified as J. M. G. Le Clézio, is a French-Mauritian author and professor. The author of over forty works, he was awarded the 1963 Prix Renaudot for his novel Le Procès-Verbal.
Le Clézio was awarded the 2008 Nobel Prize in Literature as an "author of new departures, poetic adventure and sensual ecstasy, explorer of a humanity beyond and below the reigning civilization".

Biography
Le Clézio's mother was born in the French Riviera city of Nice, his father on the island of Mauritius (which was a British possession, but his father was ethnically French).
Both his father's and his mother's ancestors were originally from Morbihan on the south coast of Brittany.
His paternal ancestor François Alexis Le Clézio fled France in 1798 and settled with his wife and daughter on Mauritius, which was then a French colony but would soon pass into British hands. The colonists were allowed to maintain their customs and use of the French language. Le Clézio has never lived in Mauritius for more than a few months at a time, but he has stated that he regards himself both as a Frenchman and a Mauritian. He has dual French and Mauritian citizenship (Mauritius gained independence in 1968) and calls Mauritius his "little fatherland"[
- Le Clézio was born in Nice, his mother's native city, during World War II when his father was serving in the British army in Nigeria.
- He was raised in Roquebillière, a small village near Nice until 1948 when he, his mother, and his brother boarded a ship to join his father in Nigeria.
- His 1991 novel Onitsha is partly autobiographical. In a 2004 essay, he reminisced about his childhood in Nigeria and his relationship with his parents.
After studying at the University of Bristol in England from 1958 to 1959,[8] he finished his undergraduate degree at Nice's Institut d’études littéraires.[9] In 1964 Le Clézio earned a master's degree from the University of Provence with a thesis on Henri Michaux.[10]
After several years spent in London and Bristol, he moved to the United States to work as a teacher. During 1967 he served in the French military in Thailand, but was quickly expelled from the country for protesting against child prostitution and sent to Mexico to finish his military obligation. From 1970 to 1974, he lived with the Embera-Wounaan tribe in Panama. He has been married since 1975 to Jémia, who is Moroccan, and has three daughters (one by his first marriage). Since the 1990s they have divided their residence between Albuquerque, Mauritius, and Nice.[11]
In 1983 he wrote a doctoral thesis on colonial Mexican history for the University of Perpignan, on the conquest of the P'urhépecha people (formerly known as "Tarascans") who inhabit the present day state of Michoacán. It was serialized in a French magazine and published in Spanish translation in 1985.[12]
He has taught at a number of universities around the world. A frequent visitor to South Korea, he taught French language and literature at Ewha Womans University in Seoul during the 2007 academic year.[13][14]
==
Why do we write? I imagine that each of us has his or her own response to this simple question. One has predispositions, a milieu, circumstances. Shortcomings, too. If we are writing, it means that we are not acting. That we find ourselves in difficulty when we are faced with reality, and so we have chosen another way to react, another way to communicate, a certain distance, a time for reflection.
If I examine the circumstances which inspired me to write–and this is not mere self-indulgence, but a desire for accuracy–I see clearly that the starting point of it all for me was war. Not war in the sense of a specific time of major upheaval, where historical events are experienced, such as the French campaign on the battlefield at Valmy, as recounted by Goethe on the German side and my ancestor François on the side of the armée révolutionnaire. That must have been a moment full of exaltation and pathos. No, for me war is what civilians experience, very young children first and foremost. Not once has war ever seemed to me to be an historical moment. We were hungry, we were frightened, we were cold, and that is all. I remember seeing the troops of Field Marshal Rommel pass by under my window as they headed towards the Alps, seeking a passage to the north of Italy and Austria. I do not have a particularly vivid memory of that event. I do recall, however, that during the years which followed the war we were deprived of everything, in particular books and writing materials. For want of paper and ink, I made my first drawings and wrote my first texts on the back of the ration books, using a carpenter's blue and red pencil. This left me with a certain preference for rough paper and ordinary pencils. For want of any children's books, I read my grandmother's dictionaries. They were like a marvellous gateway, through which I embarked on a discovery of the world, to wander and daydream as I looked at the illustrated plates, and the maps, and the lists of unfamiliar words. The first book I wrote, at the age of six or seven, was entitled, moreover, Le Globe à mariner. Immediately afterwards came a biography of an imaginary king named Daniel III—could he have been Swedish?—and a tale told by a seagull. It was a time of reclusion. Children were scarcely allowed outdoors to play, because in the fields and gardens near my grandmother's there were land mines. I recall that one day as I was out walking by the sea I came across an enclosure surrounded by barbed wire: on the fence was a sign in French and in German that threatened intruders with a forbidding message, and a skull to make things perfectly clear.
It is easy, in such a context, to understand the urge to escape—hence, to dream, and put those dreams in writing. My maternal grandmother, moreover, was an extraordinary storyteller, and she set aside the long afternoons for the telling of stories. They were always very imaginative, and were set in a forest—perhaps it was in Africa, or in Mauritius, the forest of Macchabée—where the main character was a monkey who had a great talent for mischief, and who always wriggled his way out of the most perilous situations. Later, I would travel to Africa and spend time there, and discover the real forest, one where there were almost no animals. But a District Officer in the village of Obudu, near the border with Cameroon, showed me how to listen for the drumming of the gorillas on a nearby hill, pounding their chests. And from that journey, and the time I spent there (in Nigeria, where my father was a bush doctor), it was not subject matter for future novels that I brought back, but a sort of second personality, a daydreamer who was fascinated with reality at the same time, and this personality has stayed with me all my life—and has constituted a contradictory dimension, a strangeness in myself that at times has been a source of suffering. Given the slowness of life, it has taken me the better part of my existence to understand the significance of this contradiction.
Books entered my life at a later period. When my father's inheritance was divided, at the time of his expulsion from the family home in Moka, in Mauritius, he managed to put together several libraries consisting of the books that remained. It was then that I understood a truth not immediately apparent to children, that books are a treasure more precious than any real property or bank account. It was in those volumes—most of them ancient, bound tomes—that I discovered the great works of world literature: Don Quijote, illustrated by Tony Johannot; La vida deLazarillo de Tormes; the Ingoldsby Legends; Gulliver's Travels; Victor Hugo's great, inspired novels Quatre-vingt-treize, Les Travailleurs de la Mer, and L'Homme qui rit. Balzac's Les Contesdrôlatiques, as well. But the books which had the greatest impact on me were the anthologies of travellers' tales, most of them devoted to India, Africa, and the Mascarene islands, or the great histories of exploration by Dumont d'Urville or the Abbé Rochon, as well as Bougainville, Cook, and of course The Travels of Marco Polo. In the mediocre life of a little provincial town dozing in the sun, after those years of freedom in Africa, those books gave me a taste for adventure, gave me a sense of the vastness of the real world, a means to explore it through instinct and the senses rather than through knowledge. In a way, too, those books gave me, from very early on, an awareness of the contradictory nature of a child's existence: a child will cling to a sanctuary, a place to forget violence and competitiveness, and also take pleasure in looking through the windowpane to watch the outside world go by.
Shortly before I received the—to me, astonishing—news that the Swedish Academy was awarding me this distinction, I was re-reading a little book by Stig Dagerman that I am particularly fond of: a collection of political essays entitled Essäer och texter. It was no mere chance that I was re-reading this bitter, abrasive book. I was preparing a trip to Sweden to receive the prize which the Association of the Friends of Stig Dagerman had awarded to me the previous summer, to visit the places where the writer had lived as a child. I have always been particularly receptive to Dagerman's writing, to the way in which he combines a child-like tenderness with naïveté and sarcasm. And to his idealism. To the clear-sightedness with which he judges his troubled, post-war era—that of his mature years, and of my childhood. One sentence in particular caught my attention, and seemed to be addressed to me at that very moment, for I had just published a novel entitled Ritournelle de la faim. That sentence, or that passage rather, is as follows: "How is it possible on the one hand, for example, to behave as if nothing on earth were more important than literature, and on the other fail to see that wherever one looks, people are struggling against hunger and will necessarily consider that the most important thing is what they earn at the end of the month? Because this is where he (the writer) is confronted with a new paradox: while all he wanted was to write for those who are hungry, he now discovers that it is only those who have plenty to eat who have the leisure to take notice of his existence." (The Writer and Consciousness)

عاش بعيدا عن والده لمدة 8 سنوات.

يتيم اجتماعي.

10-31-2012, 04:37 PM

المشاركة 110

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مراقب عام سابقا

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هيرتا مولر

(بالألمانية: Herta Müller)؛ (17 أغسطس 1953 -)، روائية ألمانية ولدت في رومانيا. حصلت على جائزة نوبل في الأدب عام 2009 لتكون المرأة الثانية عشر التي حصلت على الجائزة بهذا الفرع منذ إطلاقها عام 1901.
حياتها
ولدت مولر في 17 اب/أغسطس 1953 في غرب رومانيا لوالدين من اقلية تتحدث الألمانية.
وكان والدها في الحرس الخاص النازي خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية وقام الشيوعيون الرومانيون بترحيل والدتها إلى معسكر اعتقال في الاتحاد السوفياتي بعد الحرب.
وطردت مولر من أول عمل لها كمترجمة بعد أن رفضت العمل لحساب الشرطة الخاصة التابعة للديكتاتور السابق نيكولاي تشاوشيسكو.
وقررت تكريس حياتها للادب. ومنعت الرقابة في النظام الروماني مجموعتها القصصية القصيرة الأولى التي صدرت في العام 1982 تحت اسم "نيدرونغين" ونشرت بالانكليزية تحت اسم "ناديرز". ولم تنشر الرواية بشكل كامل الا بعد عامين في ألمانيا اثر تهريبها إلى خارج البلاد.
وتحدثت مولر عن نفي الرومانيين الالمان إلى الاتحاد السوفياتي في روايتها الأخيرة "أرجوحة النفس" التي صدرت في 2009. وفرت مولر من رومانيا إلى ألمانيا العام 1987 بعد أن منعت من نشر كتاباتها في بلادها، وبعد ذلك تم اكتشافها بشكل كامل في عالم الادب.
ومن بين أشهر رواياتها "جواز السفر" التي نشرت العام 1986 في ألمانيا وترجمت في العام 1989، و"الموعد" التي نشرت العام 2001 وتصف القلق الذي تعيشه امرأة بعد أن استدعتها مديرية امن الدولة.
وذكر ايوان ماسكوفيسكو رئيس بلدية قرية نيتشدورف التي تتحدر منها مولر، ان المنزل الذي ولدت فيه أصبح الآن من املاك الدولة، لكنها لا تزال تملك ارضا ورثتها هناك رغم أنها لم تزرها مطلقا. ووصفت مولر الديكتاتور الروماني السابق تشاوشيسكو في مقال نشرته صحيفة "فرانكفورتر روندشاو" العام 2007 بانه "محدث نعمة يستخدم الصنابير وادوات الطعام المصنوعة من الذهب كما أن لديه ضعفا خاصا تجاه القصور". وقالت ان رومانيا اصيبت "بفقدان الذاكرة الجماعي" لماضيها القمعي.
وقالت ان سكان رومانيا "يتظاهرون بان ذلك الماضي اختفى، ان البلاد جميعها مصابة بفقدان الذاكرة الجماعي"، واضافت "ان (رومانيا) كانت مأوى لاعتى الطغاة في شرق أوروبا واكثرهم شرا بعد ستالين، خلق (تشاوشيسكو) لنفسه صور بطل توازي ما يحدث في كوريا الشمالية".
وهي مشهورة بأعمالها الأدبية التي نقلت ظروف الحياة الصعبة في رومانيا في ظل حكم الرئيس الروماني الأسبق
عنها

قالت لجنة حكام جائزة نوبل الآداب في حيثيات تقديم جائزة نوبل للآداب بأنها كاتبة عكست حياة المحرومين بتركيز لغة الشعر وصدق ووضوح لغة النثر

وقال بيتر إنلجند Peter Englund السكرتير الدئم للأكاديمية السويدية، أنه تم تكريم السيدة مولر بسبب لغتها المتميز جدا من ناحية، ومن ناحية أخرى بسبب أن لديها حقا قصة ترويها عن نشاتها في ظل نظام ديكتاتوري.. وكذلك نشأتها كغريبة بين أهلها
قال عنها ملك King of Tech Rabih Elathram RE شكرا أيتها عبقرية فريدة من نوعها في كوكبنا رسالة إلى أهل عبر أقمار اصطناعية.

أعمالها

منخفضات (مجموعة قصصية) - سنة النشر: 1984 ألمانيا (نشرت للمرة الأولى في رومانيا عام 1982 بعد حذف العديد من الفقرات بها من قبل الرقابة الرومانية)
رواية (1982) - سنة النشر 1984
جواز السفر - سنة النشر 1986
الترحال على ساق واحدة - سنة النشر 1989
الشيطان منعكسًا في المرآة - سنة النشر 1991
الثعلب هو بالفعل الصياد - سنة النشر 1992
البطاطا الساخنة هي السرير الدافئ - سنة النشر 1992
الجوع والحرير (مقالات) - سنة النشر 1995
الموعد - سنة النشر 2001
الملك يركع ويُقتل - سنة النشر 2003
الرجال الشاحبون وفناجين القهوة - سنة النشر 2009
أرجوحة النفس Atemschaukel - سنة النشر 2009

أعمالها المترجمة إلى اللغة العربية

أرجوحة النفس - مشروع {كلمة للترجمة} في {هيئة أبوظبي للثقافة والتراث}

Herta Müller (born 17 August 1953) is a Romanian-born German novelist, poet, essayist and recipient of the 2009 Nobel Prize in Literature. Born in Niţchidorf, Timiş County in Romania, her native language is German. Since the early 1990s she has been internationally established, and her works have been translated into more than twenty languages.[2][3]
Müller is noted for her works depicting the effects of violence, cruelty and terror, usually in the setting of Communist Romania under the repressive Nicolae Ceauşescu regime which she has experienced herself. Many of her works are told from the viewpoint of the German minority in Romania and are also a depiction of the modern history of the Germans in the Banat, and Transylvania. Her much acclaimed 2009 novel The Hunger Angel (Atemschaukel) portrays the deportation of Romania's German minority to Stalinist Soviet Gulags during the Soviet occupation of Romania for use as German forced labor.
Müller has received more than twenty awards to date, including the Kleist Prize (1994), the Aristeion Prize (1995), the International IMPAC Dublin Literary Award (1998) and the Franz Werfel Human Rights Award (2009). On 8 October 2009, the Swedish Academy announced that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, describing her as a woman "who, with the concentration of poetry and the frankness of prose, depicts the landscape of the dispossessed".[4]
Early life
Müller was born to Banat Swabian Catholic farmers in Niţchidorf (German: Nitzkydorf), up to the 1980s a German-speaking village in the Romanian Banat in western Romania.
Her family was part of Romania's German minority. Her grandfather had been a wealthy farmer and merchant, but his property was confiscated by the communist regime.
Her father had been a member of the Waffen SS during World War II, and earned a living as a truck driver in Communist Romania.
In 1945 her mother, then aged 17, was along with 100,000 others of the German minority deported to forced labor camps in the Soviet Union, from which she was released in 1950.
Müller's native language is German; she learned Romanian only in grammar school.She was a student of German studies and Romanian literature at the Timişoara University.
In 1976, Müller began working as a translator for an engineering factory, but was dismissed in 1979 for her refusal to cooperate with the Securitate, the Communist regime's secret police. After her dismissal she initially earned a living by teaching kindergarten and giving private German lessons.

من اصول المالنية . لا يعرف متى مات والديها. عاشت طفولة كارثية في ظل الحكم الشيوعي القاسي. كانت امها قد ارسلت للاعتقال والاعمال الشاقة وهي في سن 17 الى الاتحاد السوفيتي. وعادت عام 1950.

مأزومة.