أكتافيو باز

يتمه: مات أبوه وهو صغير في حادث قطار وربته أمه وعمته.
مجاله: أديب كبير من المكسيك__حاصل على جائزة نوبل.

(31 مارس1914 - 19 أبريل1998)، أديب مكسيكي. ولد في مدينة مكسيكو. حصل على جائزة نوبل في الأدب لسنة 1990 ليكون بذلك أول شاعر وأديب مكسيكي يفوز بهذه الجائزة. عرف بمعارضته الشديدة للفاشية، وعمل كدبلوماسي لبلاده في عدة دول. تشعب نشاطه في عدة مجالات، فإلى جانب كونه شاعراً فقد كتب أيضاً العديد من الدراسات النقدية والتاريخية والمقالات السياسية.

ولد أكتافيو باز عام 1914 في إحدى ضواحي مدينة مكسيكو العاصمة لأب مكسيكي وأم من جنوب إسبانيا. كان والده محامياً وسياسياً مؤيداً لثورة زاباتا التي اندلعت سنة 1910، ولكنه كان مدمناً للخمر ولقي حتفه في حادث قطار. أما أمه فكانت منذ طفولته تحثه على الدراسة، وفيما بعد على كتابة الشعر وتشجعه على تحقيق طموحاته الأدبية رغم أنها كانت أمية.

التحق باز بالسلك الدبلوماسي عام 1945 وعمل به لمدة 23 عاماً، وعين سفيراً لبلاده في كل من فرنسا وسويسرا والهند واليابان، وكانت له صلات وثيقة بأقطاب الحياة الثقافية في كل البلدان التي عمل بها.
إلا أن باز استقال من السلك الدبلوماسي سنة 1968 احتجاجاً على سياسة حكومته تجاه الطلبة عندما قامت السلطات في المكسيك باستخدام العنف في قمع مظاهرات الطلبة مما أدى إلى مصرع حوالي ثلاثمائة طالب. ومنذ ذلك الوقت تفرغ باز للعمل في الصحافة.

شملت كتابات أكتافيو باز الشعر والفن والدين والتاريخ والسياسة والنقد الأدبي، ونشرت له خمسة دواوين شعرية صدر أولها سنة 1949 وآخرها سنة 1987.
ومن أهم أعماله التي كرتها الأكاديمية السويدية عندما منح جائزة نوبل كتاب "متاهة العزلة" El laberinto de la soledad الذي صدر سنة 1961 وحاول فيه باز أن يتحرى عن شخصية الإنسان المكسيكي ويسبر أغوارها، ومن أشهر أعماله أيضاص "حرية تحت كلمة"، وفيه برزت القضايا التي سيطرت على فكره فيما بعد وهي الحب والزمن والوحدة، وذلك بالإضافة إلى عدد من الأهمال المهمة مثل "فصل من العنف" و"فلامنورا".

ذكرت الأكاديمية السويدية أن أكتافيو باز فاز بجائزة نوبل لا لعمل معين من أعماله الأدبية، ولكن تكريماً لمجمل كتاباته الشعرية والنثرية المتقدة بالعاطفة، والتي تتسم بآفاق ثقافية واسعة وتتميز بذكاء وطاقة إنسانية وقّادة.

Comte de Lautréamont was the pseudonym of Isidore Lucien Ducasse (4 April 1846 – 24 November 1870), an Uruguayan-born French poet.
His only works, Les Chants de Maldoror and Poésies, had a major influence on modern literature, particularly on the Surrealists and the Situationists. He died at age 24.

Ducasse was born in Montevideo, Uruguay, to François Ducasse, a French consular officer and his wife, Jacquette-Célestine Davezac. Very little is known about Isidore's childhood, except that he was baptized on 16 November 1847, in the cathedral of Montevideo and that his mother died soon afterwards, probably due to an epidemic. During 1851, as a five-year-old, he experienced the end of the eight-year siege of Montevideo in the Argentine-Uruguayan war. Ducasse was brought up to speak three languages: French, Spanish and English.

Arthur Cheney Train (6 September 1875 – 22 December 1945) was an Americanlawyer and legal thrillerwriter, particularly known for his novels of courtroom intrigue and the creation of the fictional lawyer Mr Ephraim Tutt.

Train was born in Boston, Massachusetts. His father was lawyer Charles Russell Train, who served for many years as attorney general of Massachusetts, and his mother was Sara Maria Cheney. Train graduated with a BA from Harvard University in 1896 and LLB from Harvard Law School in 1899.[1]
In 1897, Train married Ethel Kissam. They had four children. Ethel died in 1923 and Train married Helen Coster Gerard, with whom he had one child, John Train.

His father Charles Russell Train died( July 28, 1885) was a U.S. Representative from Massachusetts. He died while on a visit in Conway, New Hampshire, July 28, 1885. He was interred in Edgell Grove Cemetery, Framingham, Massachusetts

جيمس دالتون

يتمه: يتم الاب والام.
مجاله: زعيم عصابة...من اكبر المجرمين في العالم.

James Dalton (died 11 May 1730) was "captain" of a street robbery gang in 18th century London.
His father, also James Dalton, was Irish and fought as a sergeant in the British Army in Flanders. He was convicted of street robbery on 3 March 1720 and was sentenced to transportation. On being found in London in 1721, reputedly informed upon by the self-appointed Thief-taker General, Jonathan Wild, the elder Dalton was hanged.
His mother re-married a butcher, but both were convicted and sentenced to transportation. By then, the younger Dalton had already begun his criminal career. James Dalton got into the company of thieves as a youngster, picking pockets, breaking shops, and robbing people on the street, in the Smithfield and Old Bailey area.
It is reported that he went on two trips to Bristol, to practice his calling there; and he was convicted and transported (but persuaded the crew to mutiny near Cape Finisterre), was pressed into HMS Hampshire, and was a spectator of the siege of Gibraltar in 1727, and thence returned to London, although this account may be somewhat fanciful.

James Dalton (Born in 1834 in Limerick, Ireland) was a wealthy merchant and pastoralist that lived during the 19th and 20th centuries in Orange, New South Wales, Australia.[1] He was the patriarch of the wealthy Irish Australian Dalton Family.
James was the youngest of three children, the eldest, his brother, was Thomas Dalton and then his sister, Margaret Dalton, who both eventually moved to Australia.[2]
James Dalton was born in 1834 in Duntryleague, Limerick, Ireland as the second son of James Dalton and his first wife Eleanor Dalton (née Ryan). He lived in Duntryleague, Limerick, for the first 13 years of his life while his father had been shipped to the Colony of New South Wales for kidnapping a widower, Catherine Sheehan, and imprisoning her for a week in Northern Ireland with several other men, one being his brother-in-law, Daniel Ryan, in November 1833. James Dalton's father was tried on the 14 March 1835, and was at first sentenced to death on the 8 April of that year, which was shortly after changed to transportation.[2] He was transported to New South Wales on the convictship, the Hive on its second voyage to Australia, in 1835, while James Dalton Junior was less than a year old. When James' father got to Australia, The Hive was wrecked near Jervis Bay with one fatality as it was coming along the coast. His father arrived in Sydney on Christmas Eve of the year of 1835 after the New South Wales Government sent a ship to help salvage the prisoners, soldiers and money the ship was carrying. [3] [4]
His mother died some time while his father was in New South Wales, and he was left alone while his older brother, Thomas, and sister, Margaret, were in North America. In 1842-43, his father had been let out of Bathurst Jail in New South Wales with a ticket of freedom to do as he pleased, including to move back to Ireland, but he chose to stay in Australia, so he did, and moved to Fredericks Valley, a small mining settlement near Lucknow. In 1847 James' father petitioned for his family to be shipped to New South Wales, so James being the only one in Ireland, he was shipped aboard the Panama, alone, to the colony

Aldous Leonard Huxley (26 July 1894 – 22 November 1963) was an English writer and one of the most prominent members of the famous Huxley family. Best known for his novels including Brave New World and a wide-ranging output of essays, Huxley also edited the magazine Oxford Poetry, and published short stories, poetry, travel writing, and film stories and scripts. Huxley spent the later part of his life in the United States, living in Los Angeles from 1937 until his death.
Aldous Huxley was a humanist and pacifist, and he was latterly interested in spiritual subjects such as parapsychology and philosophical mysticism. He is also well known for advocating and taking psychedelics.
By the end of his life Huxley was considered, in some academic circles, a leader of modern thought and an intellectual of the highest rank, and highly regarded as one of the most prominent explorers of visual communication and sight-related theories as well.
Godalming, Surrey, UK, in 1894. He was the third son of the writer and schoolmaster Leonard Huxley and his first wife, Julia Arnold, who founded Prior's Field School. Julia was the niece of poet and critic Matthew Arnold and the sister of Mrs. Humphrey Ward. Aldous was the grandson of Thomas Henry Huxley, the zoologist, agnostic and controversialist ("Darwin's Bulldog"). His brother Julian Huxley and half-brother Andrew Huxley also became outstanding biologists. Aldous had another brother, Noel Trevelyan (1891–1914), who committed suicide after a period of clinical depression.[3]
Huxley began his learning in his father's well-equipped botanical laboratory, then continued in a school named Hillside. His teacher was his mother who supervised him for several years until she became terminally ill. After Hillside, he was educated at Eton College. Huxley's mother died in 1908 when he was 14. In 1911, he suffered an illness (keratitis punctata) which "left [him] practically blind for two to three years". Aldous's near-blindness disqualified him from service in the First World War. Once his eyesight recovered sufficiently, he was able to study English literature at Balliol College, Oxford. In 1916 he edited Oxford Poetry and later graduated with first class honours. His brother Julian wrote,
I believe his blindness was a blessing in disguise. For one thing, it put paid to his idea of taking up medicine as a career... His uniqueness lay in his universalism. He was able to take all knowledge for his province.
Following his education at Balliol, Huxley was financially indebted to his father and had to earn a living. He taught French for a year at Eton, where Eric Blair (later to become George Orwell) and Stephen Runciman were among his pupils, but was remembered as an incompetent and hopeless teacher who couldn’t keep discipline. Nevertheless, Blair and others were impressed by his use of words.[6] For a short while in 1918, he was employed acquiring provisions at the Air Ministry.
Significantly, Huxley also worked for a time in the 1920s at the technologically-advanced Brunner and Mond chemical plant in Billingham, Teesside, and the most recent introduction to his famous science fiction novel Brave New World (1932) states that this experience of "an ordered universe in a world of planless incoherence" was one source for the novel

Muhammad Din Tahir (1942–2008) known as M.D. Tahir was born in 1942 in a gujjar family in the small village Takoli, in the district of Ambala. His mother died a few months after his family's migration to Sargodha in Pakistan in 1947. His father also died when he was only 7-years-old, leaving Tahir and his sister Hashmat as orphans. After the death of their parents, neither orphans had any means of earning money. He started studying under the street lights and sold milk and ice which was useful to earn a little money. Under these circumstances, Tahir continued his study and graduated from Zamindara College in Gujrat, Punjab, and thereafter attempted for LLB, the law degree in which he succeeded and became a lawyer after passing the LLB exams from Punjab University. He started his practice as a lawyer in 1972 and soon became a prominent lawyer in Pakistan. He was appointed special commissioner to record the statement of the Chief Martial Law Administrator of Pakistan, Yahya Khan, after the end of his regime.

Mr. Tahir was the first Pakistani lawyer who moved countless writ petitions in the Lahore High Court Lahore as well as in the Supreme Court of Pakistan for sake of poor people rights. He also moved submissions to the International Court of Justice against cruelties of the war in Iraq, Palestine, Kashmir, and around the world. He died on 20 April 2008 of cardiac arrest on Sunday night at the age of 65 in Lahore and buried in the side area of a mosque for which he trusted his land and funded that mosque to be built

دييغو دي ألماغرو