29-المسدس صموئيل كولت أمريكي 1835م
-يتيم الام في سن السادسه .
- تزوج والده بعد عامين .
- كان له قلالي اخوات واحده ماتت وهي طفله والسنية ماتت بالسل وهي في سن ال ١٩ والثالثة انتحرت لاحقا
-أصيب في حادث وهو في سن السادسة عشرة أنهى مدرسته وسافرىالى الهند

Samuel Colt was born in Hartford, to Christopher Colt (1777-1850), a farmer who had moved his family to the city after he became a businessman, and Sarah Colt, née Caldwell. His mother's father, Major John Caldwell,[2] had been an officer in the Continental Army and one of Samuel's earliest possessions was his maternal grandfather's flintlock pistol. Sarah died from tuberculosis when Samuel was six years old, and his father remarried two years later to Olivia Sargeant. Samuel had three sisters, one of whom died in childhood. His oldest sister, Margaret, died of tuberculosis at 19 and the other, Sarah Ann, later committed suicide. One brother, James, became a lawyer; another, Christopher, was a textile merchant. A third brother, John C. Colt, a man of many occupations, killed a creditor in 1841 in New York City, was found guilty of the murder, and committed suicide on the day he was to be executed.

At age 11, Colt was indentured to a farmer in Glastonbury, where he did chores and attended school. Here he was introduced to the Compendium of Knowledge, a scientific encyclopedia that he preferred to read rather than his Bible studies. Its articles on Robert Fulton and gunpowder motivated Colt throughout his life. He discovered that other inventors in the Compendium had accomplished things that were once deemed impossible, and he wanted to do the same. Later, after hearing soldiers talk about the success of the Double rifle double-barreled rifle and the impossibility of a gun that could shoot five or six times without reloading, Colt decided that he would create the "impossible gun".

In 1829, at the age of 15, Colt began working in his father's textile plant in Ware, Massachusetts, where he had access to tools, materials, and the factory workers' expertise. Following the encyclopedia, Samuel built a homemade galvanic cell and advertised as a Fourth of July event in that year that he would blow up a raft on Ware Pond using underwater explosives; although the raft was missed, the explosion was still impressive.[3] Sent to boarding school, he amused his classmates with pyrotechnics. In 1830, a July 4 accident caused a fire that ended his schooling, and his father then sent him off to learn the seaman's trade.[3] On a voyage to Calcutta on board the brig Corvo, he noticed that regardless of which way the ship's wheel was spun, each spoke always came in direct line with a clutch that could be set to hold it. He later said that this gave him the idea for the revolver. On the Corvo, Colt made a wooden model of a pepperbox revolver out of scrap wood. It differed from other pepperbox revolvers at the time in that it would allow the shooter to rotate the cylinder by the action of cocking the hammer and a pawl locking the cylinder in place, rather than rotating the barrels by hand and hoping for proper indexing and alignment.

When Colt returned to the United States in 1832, he went back to work for his father, who financed the production of two guns, a rifle and a pistol. The first completed pistol exploded when it was fired, but the rifle performed well. His father would not finance any further development, so Samuel needed find a way to pay for the development of his ideas.[4] He had learned about nitrous oxide (laughing gas) from the factory chemist in his father's textile plant, so he took a portable lab on the road and earned a living performing laughing gas demonstrations across the United States and Canada, billing himself as "the Celebrated Dr. Coult of New-York, London and Calcutta".[5] Colt conceived of himself as a man of science and thought if he could enlighten people about a new idea like nitrous oxide, he could in turn make people more receptive to his new idea concerning a revolver. He started his lectures on street corners and soon worked his way up to lecture halls and museums. As ticket sales declined, Colt realized that "serious" museum lectures were not what the people wanted to pay money to see and that it was dramatic stories of salvation and redemption the public craved. While visiting his brother, John, in Cincinnati, he partnered with sculptor, Hiram Powers, for his demonstrations with a theme based on The Divine Comedy. Powers made detailed wax sculptures and paintings based on demons, centaurs and mummies from Dante. Colt constructed fireworks to complete the show, which was a success.[6] According to Colt historian Robert Lawrence Wilson, the "lectures launched Colt's celebrated career as a pioneer Madison Avenue-style pitchman".[7] His public speaking skills were so prized that he was thought to be a doctor and was pressed into service to cure an apparent cholera epidemic on board a riverboat by giving his patients a dose of nitrous oxide.

30-السيارة كارل بنز وجوتليب ديملر ألمانيان 1886م
- يتيم الاب حيث قتل ابوه وهو في سن الثانية في حادث قطار.
- على الرغم من الففقر الا ان والدته عملت المستحيل من اجل تعليمه.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Karl Benz
Karl Friedrich Benz (help·info) (November 25, 1844 – April 4, 1929) was a German engine designer and car engineer, generally regarded as the inventor of the petrol-powered automobile, and together with Bertha Benz, pioneering founder of the automobile manufacturer Mercedes-Benz. Other German contemporaries, Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach working as partners, also worked on similar types of inventions, without knowledge of the work of the other, but Benz received a patent for his work first, and, subsequently patented all the processes that made the internal combustion engine feasible for use in an automobile. In 1879, his first engine patent was granted to him, and in 1886, Benz was granted a patent for his first automobile.
Early life

Karl Benz was born Karl Friedrich Michael Vaillant, in November 25, 1844 in Mühlburg, now a borough of Karlsruhe, Baden, which is part of modern Germany, to Josephine Vaillant and a locomotive driver, Johann George Benz, whom she married a few months later.

Despite living in near poverty, his mother strove to give him a good education. Benz attended the local Grammar School in Karlsruhe and was a prodigious student. In 1853, at the age of nine he started at the scientifically oriented Lyceum. Next he studied at the Poly-Technical University under the instruction of Ferdinand Redtenbacher.

Karl Benz, 1869, 25 years old (Zenodot Verlagsges. mbH)

Benz had originally focused his studies on locksmithing, but eventually followed his father's steps toward locomotive engineering.
On September 30, 1860, at age fifteen, he passed the entrance exam for mechanical engineering at the University of Karlsruhe, which he subsequently attended. Benz was graduated July 9, 1864 at nineteen.
During these years, while riding his bicycle, he started to envision concepts for a vehicle that would eventually become the horseless carriage.
Following his formal education, Benz had seven years of professional training in several companies, but did not fit well in any of them. The training started in Karlsruhe with two years of varied jobs in a mechanical engineering company.
He then moved to Mannheim to work as a draftsman and designer in a scales factory. In 1868 he went to Pforzheim to work for a bridge building company Gebrüder Benckiser Eisenwerke und Maschinenfabrik. Finally, he went to Vienna for a short period to work at an iron construction company.

============

جوتليب ديملر
- ابوه كان خباز.
- لا يعرف متى مات والديه.
- كان صعب المراس مما اضطره لتغيير عمله اكثر من مرة...وفي ذلك ما يشير الى طفولة تعيسة.
- مجهول الطفولة.

Born: 17-Mar-1834

Birthplace: Schorndorf, Germany
Died: 6-Mar-1900
Location of death: Cannstatt, Germany
Cause of death: unspecified
Remains: Buried, Uff Kirchhof Cemetery, Cannstatt, Germany

Gender: Male
Race or Ethnicity: White
Sexual orientation: Straight
Occupation: Engineer, Inventor
Nationality: Germany

Executive summary: Invented the motorcycle

Automotive pioneer Gottlieb Daimler attended technical school and apprenticed as a gunsmith, before deciding in about 1861 that there would be a market for a small, low-power engine. He briefly worked for Nikolaus Otto, inventor of the four-stroke internal-combustion engine, and worked for several years as manager of a manufacturing concern, Bruderhaus Maschinen-Fabrik, where he met his life-long friend and design assistant Wilhelm Maybach. Daimler and Maybach went into business together in 1882, and introduced the first high-speed internal combustion engine in 1883, which was made practical by Daimler's invention of the first reliable self-firing ignition system. In 1885 Daimler built the first motorcycle, installing an engine with workable controls on a two-wheeled vehicle which he called the reitwagen or a two-wheeled 'riding carriage'. In 1886 he installed a Daimler-Maybach engine on what had been a stagecoach, converting it into the first four-wheel automobile. In 1889 he built the first V-slanted two cylinder, four-stroke engine with mushroom-shaped valves. In the same year he and Maybach designed and built the first automobile not adapted from a carriage frame, with a four-speed transmission and reportedly maximum speed of 10 miles per hour. Daimler's early engines were also used in motorized boats, Zeppelins, and streetcars.

Father: Johannes Daimler (baker)

Mother: Frederika Daimler

Wife: Emma Kunz (m. 1867, d. 1889)
Son: Adolf Daimler (Daimler executive)
Son: Paul Daimler (Daimler executive, b. 1869)
Wife: Lina Hartmann (m. 8-Jul-1893)
==

31- المدفع الرشاش هيرام مكسيم أمريكي 1883م
-ابن مزارع وقاطع خشب ورعى الغنم وهو طفل.
- لا يعرف متى مات والديه.
-في سن الرابعة عشرة ترك المدرسة وعمل لدى صانع عربات.
- ترك الاسرة وعمل في عدة مهن.
- كتب ابنه 60 قصة مذهلة عن طفولته حتى ن الثانية عشرة.
- عاش طفولة صعبة وكان يسير حافي القدمين اصلع وبنطالة ممزق.
واضح انه عاش حياة ازمة ولكننا لا نعرف تفاصيل طفولته وعليه سنعتبره مجهول الطفولة.

====

Born in Maine, USA, 5 February 1840, of French Huguenot descent, Hiram Stevens Maxim spent his early childhood in the town of Sangerville. He was "a poor little bareheaded, bare-footed boy with a pair of drill trousers, frayed out at the bottom, open at the knees, with a patch on the bottom, running wild but very expert at catching fish." He led a rough, self-reliant life and became a master of many trades.
Young Maxim was first apprenticed to a carriage maker at the age of 14, and made astronomical instruments in his spare time, as well as supporting himself by working as a part-time barman.
Much of his early working life was spent in engineering firms where the foundation of his skills were laid and by 1873 he had become the senior partner in a company building gas and steam engines, in New York.
Maxim was an eccentric and boisterous individual with a tremendous capacity for hard work

==

Hiram Percy would later author a biography on his father entitled A Genius in the Family, which contained about 60 anecdotes of Hiram Percy's experiences with his father throughout his early life (until about 12). Most of these short stories are incredibly amusing and captivating; they give a reader an insider's (and child's) view of this magnificently brilliant man's personal and family life--the same family he would later abandon when moving to Europe (which would become a permanent move).[
======

Nationality British
ethnicity American
gender Male
Occupation inventor
A member of a noteworthy family of mechanics and draftsmen, Hiram Maxim, thecreator of the first practical automatic machine gun, also experimented witha steam-powered flying machine in 1894. At age twenty-four, in his uncle's engineering firm in Fitchburg, Massachusetts, he invented a curling iron. Around 1868, he created a locomotive headlight that came into common use. His later inventions included an automatic fire extinguisher, automatic gas generator, engine governors, steam and vacuum pumps, inhalers for bronchitis, a mousetrap, automatic spindle, density regulator for equalizing the illuminating value of gas, and an electrical pressure regulator, which won him a French Legion of Honor.

Born in Sangerville, Maine, Maxim was the eldest son of a farmer and woodworker. At age fourteen, Maxim was apprenticed to a carriagemaker and learned numerous other trades in New England and Canada. As a hobby, he enjoyed pugilismand toyed with the idea of becoming a professional boxer, but instead he moved to Fitchburg, Massachusetts, where he worked for an engineer. From there he migrated to Boston and worked for a maker of scientific instruments, then to New York, where he was employed at the Novelty Iron Company and secured hisfirst patent for a curling iron. At age thirty-eight, he became the chief engineer for the United States Electric Lighting Company. His first major contributions were the graphite-rod incandescent light bulb in 1878, a standardized coating of carbon lamp filaments in 1880, and an electric current regulator, which won international praise in 1881 at the Paris Exhibition.

While in France, Maxim became intrigued with the possibility of creating an automatic weapon, something European designers had been struggling to produce.Maxim went to work in London, and later became a British subject. At his laboratory in Hatton Garden, London, he produced his Maxim single-barrel automated gun in 1884, which was belt-fed and water-cooled, an advancement over thehand-cranked Gatling gun. The device, capable of firing 666 rounds per minute, loaded, fired, then extracted and ejected the cartridge, using energy derived from the momentum of recoil. A subsequent model, dubbed the Vickers Maxim,became standard British Army issue. Later, he developed the pom-pom gun, which launched one-pound shells, and the aerial torpedo gun.

Maxim's contributions to the British military earned him a knighthood by Queen Victoria in 1901. He continued to work on the delayed-action fuse and cordite, a smokeless powder made from nitroglycerin and cotton, which he evolved with the help of Hudson Maxim, his brother and partner. Maxim's improvements in weaponry gave significant advantage to British forces during the Boxer Rebellion and the Boer War. Soldiers, grateful for the improvements, chanted: "Whatever happens, we have got/The Maxim gun and they have not!" Soon, the gun came into use in every major country. It was not until the perfection of tankwarfare that the machine gun slaughter of World War I was successfully countered.

Maxim's total output included 271 patents. He tried without success to createa steam engine light enough to power a biplane, but recognized that he needed an internal combustion engine to achieve success. He died in New York on November 24,1916.

Father: Isaac Weston Maxim
Mother: Harriet Boston Stevens
Brother: Hudson Maxim (b. 1853)
==

-مات ابوه وزوجته واثنين من ابناؤه في العام 1918 بسبب الإنفلونزا وهو في سن 26
- المعلوماتة التفصيلية عن طفولته شحيحة
- يبدو ان درس في مدارس داخلية بعيدا عن الاهل

Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa,*also spelled Kapitza* *(born June 26 [July 8, New Style], 1894,*Kronshtadt, Russian Empire—died April 8, 1984,*Moscow, Russia, U.S.S.R.),*Soviet physicist who invented new machines for liquefaction of gases and in 1937 discovered the superfluidity of liquid helium. He was a corecipient of the 1978 Nobel Prize for Physics for his basic inventions and discoveries in the area of low-temperature physics.

عليك بكفالة الايتام لانهم مشاريع العظماء ومنهم يأتي عباقرة المستقبل في كل المجالات....وتذكر دائما ان افضل استثمار يمكن ان يقوم به الانسان هو الاستثمار في عقل يتيم...وان كنت قد ذقت مرارة اليتم ثم فتحت لك ابواب النجاح والمجد والمال تكون مسؤوووووووووووليتك مضاعفة...

.

Aleksandr Grigoryevich Loran (Russian: Александр Григорьевич Лоран) (1849 – after 1911), sometimes called Alexander Laurant or Aleksandr Lovan or Aleksandr Lavrentyev, was a Russian teacher and inventor of fire fighting foam and foam extinguisher.

A modern foam fire extinguisher.
He was born in 1849 in Kishinyov in the Russian Empire, now in Moldavia. After graduating from the Saint Petersburg Polytechnical Institute, he continued his education in Paris, where he studied chemistry.
Returning to Russia, Loran became a teacher in a school in Baku, which was the main center of the Russian oil industry at that time. Impressed by the terrible and hardly extinguishable oil fires that he had seen there, Loran tried to find such a liquid substance that could deal effectively with the problem. So he invented fire fighting foam, which was successfully tested in several experiments in 1902-1903.[1] In 1904 Loran patented his invention, and developed the first foam extinguisher the same year.[2]
Subsequently he founded a company called Eurica, based in Saint Petersburg, and started to sell his fire extinguishers under that brand.

Modern usage of fire fighting foam.
See also[edit]
==

34- ورق الكربون ويد جورد إنجليزي 1905م
- طفولة مبكرة مجهولة
- عائلته كانت تعمل في صناعة الفخار
- مات ابوه وعمره 22 سنة

Ralph Wedgwood (1766–1837) was an English inventor and member of the Wedgood family of potters. His most notable invention was the earliest form of carbon paper, a method of creating duplicate paper documents, which he called "stylographic writer". He obtained a patent for the invention in 1806.

Wedgwood was born in Burslem, Staffordshire. He was the eldest son of the potter Thomas Wedgwood II (1734-1788) and his wife Elizabeth Taylor. He married thrice and was widowed twice. His first marriage was to Mary Yeomans in 1790 and they had two children, Mary and Ralph, but he was widowed in 1795. He remarried Sarah Taylor, they had a son Samuel (1800-1863) but she too died in 1807. In 1808 he married for a third time, to Mary Anne Copeland and they had three children, Trianne, Maria and William. His third wife survived him and died in 1867.

Ralph was the cousin and business partner of Josiah Wedgwood. Funding for Ralph's inventions were provided by Josiah's eldest son, Josiah Wedgwood II.

35- الحافلة ولتر هانكوك إنجليزي

- تفاصيل عن طفولته غير متوفرة
- مات ابوه وعمره 22 سنة
- لا يعرف متى ماتت الام
- من اسرة متواضعة كان ابوه نجار
- حصل على تعليم عمومي
- ارسل ليتدرب على مهنة وهو صغير لكنه كان مهتما بالهندسه

The pioneer inventor of steam carriages.

Born in Marlborough, Wiltshire, England, June 1 6, 1799.

Hancock Genealogy

36-السوستة هويتكوم جادسون أمريكي 1893م1899م
مجهول الطفولة

Whitcomb L Judson's Childhood?
Answer
Whitcomb L. Judson was born in March 1839 and died in 1909. He is famous for inventing the zipper. There is not much information available on his childhood except that he lived in Illinois and later enlisted in the Union army.
Whitcomb Judson had a hard childhood at first then he got the hang of it and started to get good grades!

Whitcomb L. Judson (1846 – 1909) was an American machine salesman, mechanical engineer and inventor.[2]

Judson was born at March 7 1846 in Chicago, Illinois. According to the 1860 census, he lived in Illinois, and served in the Union army. He enlisted in 1861 at Oneida, Illinois in the Forty-Second Illinois Cavalry. Judson attended Knox College in his hometown Galesburg, Illinois. He was found in Minneapolis, Minnesota, in 1886. In 1886 and 1887 the Minneapolis city directory identifies Judson as a "traveling agent" — a traveling salesman working probably for Pitts Agricultural Works. A couple of years later Judson began working for Earle Manufacturing Company with Harry L. Earle as the head of the firm. Judson sold band cutters and grain scales for them along with other items as one of their salesmen.[3

37-المصعد إليشا أوتيس أمريكي 1871م
مازوم

Elisha Otis
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Elisha Graves Otis

Elisha Graves Otis
Born August 3, 1811
Halifax, Vermont, United States
Died April 8, 1861 (aged*49)
Yonkers, New York
Nationality American
Spouse(s) Susan Houghton, Elizabeth Otis
Children Charles Rollin Otis, Norton Prentice Otis
Engineering career
Significant projects elevators
Elisha Graves Otis (August 3, 1811 – April 8, 1861) was an American industrialist, founder of the Otis Elevator Company, and inventor of a safety device that prevents elevators from falling if the hoisting cable fails.[1] He worked on this device while living in Yonkers, New York in 1852, and had a finished product in 1854.
Biography[edit]

Otis was born in Halifax, Vermont to Stephen Otis, and Phoebe Glynn.[1] He moved away from home at the age of 20, eventually settling in Troy, New York, where he lived for five years employed as a wagon driver. In 1834, he married Susan A. Houghton. They would have two children, Charles and Norton. Later that year, Otis suffered a terrible case of pneumonia which nearly killed him, but he earned enough money to move his wife and three-year-old son to the Vermont Hills on the Green River. He designed and built his own gristmill, but did not earn enough money from it, so he converted it into a sawmill, yet still did not attract customers. Now having a second son, he started building wagons and carriages, at which he was fairly skilled. His wife later died, leaving Otis with two sons, one at that time being age 8 and the other still in diapers.
At 34 years old and hoping for a fresh start, he married and moved to Albany, New York. He worked as a doll maker for Otis Tingely. Skilled as a craftsman and tired of working all day to make only twelve toys, he invented and patented a robot turner. It could produce bedsteads four times as fast as could be done manually (about fifty a day). His boss gave him a $500 bonus. Otis then moved into his own business. At his leased building, he started designing a safety brake that could stop trains instantly and an automatic bread baking oven. He was put out of business when the stream he was using for a power supply was diverted by the city of Albany to be used for its fresh water supply. In 1851,[2] having no more use for Albany, he first moved to Bergen City, New Jersey to work as a mechanic, then to Yonkers, New York, as a manager of an abandoned sawmill which he was supposed to convert into a bedstead factory. At the age of 40, while he was cleaning up the factory, he wondered how he could get all the old debris up to the upper levels of the factory. He had heard of hoisting platforms, but they often broke, and he didn't want to take risks. He and his sons, who were also tinkerers, designed their own "safety elevator" and tested it successfully. He thought so little of it he neither patented it nor requested a bonus from his superiors for it, nor did he try to sell it. After having made several sales, and after the bedstead factory declined, Otis took the opportunity to make an elevator company out of it, initially called Union Elevator Works and later Otis Brothers & Co.. No orders came to him over the next several months, but soon after, the 1854 New York World's Fair offered a great chance at publicity.[2] At the New York Crystal Palace, Elisha Otis amazed a crowd when he ordered the only rope holding the platform on which he was standing cut.[1] The rope was severed by an axeman, and the platform fell only a few inches before coming to a halt. After the World's Fair, Otis received continuous orders, doubling each year. He developed different types of engines, like a three-way steam valve engine, which could transition the elevator between up to down and stop it rapidly.
In his spare time, he designed and experimented with his old designs of bread-baking ovens and train brakes, and patented a steam plow in 1857, a rotary oven in 1858, and, with Charles, the oscillating steam engine in 1860. For the remainder of his life, all the major corporations purchased Otis's invention and recognized his genius. Otis contracted diphtheria and died on April 8, 1861 at age 49.[1]
==

مقولة ساخنة
عليك بكفالة الايتام لانهم مشاريع العظماء ومنهم يأتي عباقرة المستقبل في كل المجالات....وتذكر دائما ان افضل استثمار يمكن ان يقوم به الانسان هو الاستثمار في عقل يتيم...وان كنت قد ذقت مرارة اليتم ثم فتحت لك ابواب النجاح والمجد والمال تكون مسؤوووووووووووليتك مضاعفة...