مقولة ساخنة

قهر اليتيم اشد من الفتنة التي هي اشد من القتل ...لان القهر يصنع ادوات القتل المتطرف، وان وصل احدهم - الايتام المقهورين- الى الحكم فهو غالبا ما يكون قاتل جماعي ولو ان قتله يتخذ احيانا شكل الحروب او القمع او ما الى ذلك من اساليب يزهق فيها ارواح الناس، واخطر القادة من هذا الصنف هم من الايتام في سن المراهقة ..
هذا ما يقوله التاريخ فكل من ستالين وهتلر ونابليون ولينين والاسكندر الذين مارسوا القتل الجماعي كانوا ايتام في سن المراهقة، كما ويقول لنا التاريخ بأنهم جميعا تعرضوا لشكل من اشكال القهر.

Abdallah ibn al-Mu'tazz
Abdallah ibn al-Mu'tazz (861 – 908) (Arabic: عبد الله بن المعتز‎ / ALA-LC: ‘Abd Allāh bin al-Mu‘utaz) was persuaded to assume the role of caliph of the Abbasid dynasty following the premature death of al-Muktafi. He succeeded in ruling for a single day and a single night, before he was forced into hiding, found, and then strangled in a palace intrigue that brought al-Muqtadir, then thirteen years old, to the throne. Ibn al-Mu'tazz is best known, not as a political figure, but as a leading Arabic poet and the author of the Kitab al-Badi, an early study of Arabic forms of poetry. This is considered one of the earliest works in Arabic literary theory and literary criticism.[1]

Born in Samarra into a privileged family, as the great-great-grandson of Harun al-Rashid, Ibn al-Mu'tazz had a tragic childhood in the Byzantine intrigues of the Abbasid caliphate. His grandfather, the caliph al-Mutawakkil, was assassinated when Ibn al-Mu'tazz was only six weeks old, and eight years later his father, Caliph al-Mu'tazz was also murdered. The boy was spared the purge of the palace by fleeing to Mecca with his grandmother.

Upon returning to Baghdad soon after, he distanced himself from politics and lived the hedonistic life of a young prince. It was during this time that he wrote his poetry, devoted to the pleasures with which he was so familiar. His Kitab al-Badi, which was also composed at this time, laid the groundwork for future studies of poetry by Arabic scholars.

Despite his reluctance, Ibn al-Mu'tazz was persuaded to assume the caliphate following the death of his cousin al-Muktafi. It was hoped that he would put an end to the intrigues that had plagued the dynasty for decades. The Vizier, however, favoured another descendant of al-Mu'tazz to assume the throne. Ibn al-Mu'tazz was forced from the palace in Baghdad and strangled. Almost prophetically, he had once written as a poet:

A wonderful night, but so short
I brought it to life, then strangled it.
And another:

Abandon sins, big and small – that is Tawqa (خل الذنوب صغيرهاو كبيرها ذاك التقى)
And be like the one who walks on a thorny path, he is cautious of what he sees (و اصنع كماش فوق أرض الشوك يحذر ما يرى)
Do not belittle the small sins; truly mountains are made from pebbles (لا تحقرن صغيرةً إن الجبال من الحصى)
References
^ van Gelder, G. J. H. (1982), Beyond the Line: Classical Arabic Literary Critics on the Coherence and Unity of the Poem, Brill Publishers, p.*2, ISBN*90-04-06854-6
Further reading
G.B.H. Wightman and A.Y. al-Udhari, Birds through a Ceiling of Alabaster: Three Abbasid Poets, Penguin Books, 1975 (ISBN 0-14-044305-3).

جورج كينان مهندس الحرب الباردة يتيم الام في السنة الاولى

قرات قبل قليل عنوان مقال في القدس العربي يتحدث عن دبلوماسي امريكي اسمه جورج كينان واصفا اياه بانه مهندس الحرب الباردة والتي نعرف انها ادت الي انهيار الاتحاد السوفيتي، فقلت ان هذه الفكرة لا بد ان تكون من بنات افكار يتيم وفتشت عنه في وسائط البحث وتبين انه يتيم الام بعد الولادة بشهرين

Kennan was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, to Kossuth Kent Kennan, a lawyer specializing in tax law, a descendant of dirt-poor Scotch-Irish settlers of 18th-century Connecticut and Massachusetts, who was named after the Hungarian patriot Lajos Kossuth (1802–94),[3][4] and Florence James Kennan. Mrs. Kennan died two months later due to peritonitis from a ruptured appendix, though Kennan long believed that she died after giving birth to him.[5] The boy always lamented not having a mother; he was never close to his father or stepmother, however, he was close to his older sisters.

At the age of eight he went to Germany to stay with his stepmother in order to learn German.[3] He attended St. John's Military Academy in Delafield, Wisconsin, and arrived at Princeton University in the second half of 1921.[6] Unaccustomed to the elite atmosphere of the Ivy League, the shy and introverted Kennan found his undergraduate years difficult and lonely.[7] After receiving his bachelor's degree in 1925, Kennan considered applying to law school, but decided it was too expensive and instead opted to apply to the newly formed U.S. Foreign Service.[8][9] He passed the qualifying examination and after seven months of study at the Foreign Service School in Washington he gained his first job as a vice consul in Geneva, Switzerland. Within a year he was transferred to a post in Hamburg, Germany. During 1928 Kennan considered quitting the Foreign Service to attend college, but was selected for a linguist training program that would give him three years of graduate-level study without having to quit the service.[8]

In 1929 Kennan began his program on history, politics, culture, and the Russian language at the University of Berlin's Oriental Institute. In doing so, he would follow in the footsteps of his grandfather's younger cousin, George Kennan (1845-1924), a major 19th century expert on Imperial Russia and author of Siberia and the Exile System, a well-received 1891 account of the Czarist prison system.[10] During the course of his diplomatic career, Kennan would master a number of other languages, including German, French, Polish, Czech, Portuguese, and Norwegian.[9]

In 1931 Kennan was stationed at the legation in Riga, Latvia, where, as third secretary, he worked on Soviet economic affairs. From his job, Kennan "grew to mature interest in Russian affairs".[11] When the U.S. began formal diplomacy with the Soviet government during 1933 after the election of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Kennan accompanied ambassador William C. Bullitt to Moscow. By the mid-1930s Kennan was among the professionally-trained Russian experts of the staff of the embassy in Moscow, along with Charles E. Bohlen and Loy W. Henderson. These officials had been influenced by the long-time director of the State Department's division of East European Affairs, Robert F. Kelley.[12] They believed that there was little basis for cooperation with the Soviet Union, even against potential adversaries.[13] Meanwhile, Kennan studied Stalin's Great Purge, which would affect his opinion of the internal dynamics of the Soviet regime for the rest of his life.[11]

Kennan found himself in strong disagreement with Joseph E. Davies, Bullitt's successor as ambassador to the Soviet Union, who defended the Great Purge and other aspects of Stalin's rule. Kennan did not have any influence on Davies's decisions, and the latter even suggested that Kennan be transferred out of Moscow for "his health".[11] Kennan again contemplated resigning from the service, but instead decided to accept the Russian desk at the State Department in Washington.[14] By September 1938, Kennan had been reassigned to a job at the legation in Prague. After the occupation of the Czechoslovak Republic by Nazi Germany at the beginning of World War*II, Kennan was assigned to Berlin. There, he endorsed the United States' Lend-Lease policy, but warned against displaying any notion of American endorsement for the Soviets, whom he considered to be an unfit ally. He was interned in Germany for six months after the United States had declared war on Germany during December 1941.[15]

In September 1942 Kennan was assigned as a counselor in Lisbon, Portugal, where he begrudgingly performed a job administrating intelligence and base operations. In January 1944 he was sent to London, where he served as counselor of the American delegation to the European Advisory Commission, which worked to prepare Allied policy in Europe. There, Kennan became even more disenchanted with the State Department, which he believed was ignoring his qualifications as a trained specialist. However, within months of beginning the job, he was appointed deputy chief of the mission in Moscow upon request of W. Averell Harriman, the ambassador to the U.S.S.R.[16]