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83- كارل دونتز

كارل دونتز (بالألمانية: Karl Dönitz) أمير بحر وسياسي ألماني (16 سبتمبر 1891 -24 ديسمبر 1980) عمل في البحرية الألمانية في الحرب العالمية الأولى وقادها في الحرب العالمية الثانية من عام 1943 إلى نهاية الحرب. عيّنه الزعيم الألماني أدولف هتلر خليفة له قبل أنتحاره بقليل، وقد شغل دونتز منصب رئيس ألمانيا النازية لعشرين يوما فقط قبل سقوطها في قبضة الحلفاء.
اعتقل وحوكم في محكمة نورنبيرغ وقضى عشر سنوات في السجن. ألف مذكراته ونشرها سنة 1958 تحت عنوان عشرة سنوات وعشرون يوما. بعد وفاته لم تقم له جنازة عسكرية و حظر فيها ارتداء الزي العسكري و لكن البعض لم يلتزم و منهم د.جون كاميرون. رزق بولدين و بنت و كلا الولدين قتلا في الحرب العالمية الثانية.
حياته

ولد كارل دونيتس في برلين, أبوه كان مهندسا اسمه إميل دونيتس و أمه هي أنا بيير. و لكارل أخ أكبر اسمه فريدريك.
Karl Dönitz (German pronunciation: [ˈdøːnɪts] (listen); 16 September 1891 – 24 December 1980) was a German naval commander during World War II. He started his career in the German Navy (Kaiserliche Marine, or "Imperial Navy") before World War I. In 1918, while he was in command of UB-68, the submarine was sunk by British forces and Dönitz was taken prisoner. While in a prisoner of war camp, he formulated what he later called Rudeltaktik[2] ("pack tactic", commonly called "wolfpack"). At the start of World War II, he was the senior submarine officer in the German Navy. In January 1943, Dönitz achieved the rank of Großadmiral (Grand Admiral) and replaced Grand Admiral Erich Raeder as Commander-in-Chief of the German Navy (Oberbefehlshaber der Kriegsmarine). On 30 April 1945, after the death of Adolf Hitler and in accordance with Hitler's last will and testament, Dönitz was named Hitler's successor as Staatsoberhaupt (Head of State), with the title of Reichspräsident (President) and Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces. On 7 May 1945, he ordered Alfred Jodl to sign the German instruments of surrender in Rheims, France.[3] Dönitz remained as head of the Flensburg Government, as it became known, until it was dissolved by the Allied powers on 23 May.
Early life an

Dönitz was born in Grünau in Berlin, Germany, to Anna Beyer and Emil Dönitz, an engineer. Karl had an older brother, Friedrich. In 1910, Dönitz enlisted in the Imperial German Navy (Kaiserliche Marine). He became a sea-cadet (Seekadett) on 4 April. On 15 April 1911, he became a midshipman (Fähnrich zur See), the rank given to those who had served for one year as officer's apprentice and had passed their first examination.

On 27 September 1913, Dönitz was commissioned as an Acting Sub-Lieutenant (Leutnant zur See). When World War I began, he served in the light cruiserSMS Breslau in the Mediterranean Sea. In August 1914, Breslau and the battlecruiser SMS Goeben were sold to the Ottoman navy; the ships were renamed the Midilli and the Yavuz Sultan Selim, respectively. They began operating out of Constantinople (now Istanbul), under Rear Admiral Wilhelm Souchon, engaging Russian forces in the Black Sea. On 22 March 1916, Dönitz was promoted to Navy First Lieutenant (Oberleutnant zur See). When Midilli put into dock for repairs, he was temporarily assigned as airfield commander at the Dardanelles. From there, he requested a transfer to the submarine forces, which became effective in October 1916. He served as watch officer on U-39, and from February 1918 onward as commander of UC-25. On 5 September 1918, he became commander of UB-68, operating in the Mediterranean. On 4 October, this boat was sunk by British forces and Dönitz was taken prisoner on the island of Malta
مجهول الطفولة.