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هل تولد الحياة من رحم الموت؟؟؟ دراسة بحثية
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08-31-2010, 10:40 AM
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مراقب عام سابقا
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: 4
تاريخ الإنضمام :
Sep 2009
رقم العضوية :
7857
المشاركات:
12,766
روبرت ستيفنسون سمث بادن باول
مؤسس الحركة الكشفية
Robert Stephenson Smyth Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell (pronounced
/ˈbeɪdən ˈpoʊ.əl/
)
OM
,
GCMG
,
GCVO
,
KCB
(22 February 1857 – 8 January 1941), also known as B-P or Lord Baden-Powell, was a
lieutenant-general
in the
British Army
, writer, and founder of the
Scout Movement
.
After having been educated at
Charterhouse School
, Baden-Powell served in the British Army from 1876 until 1910 in India and Africa. In 1899, during the
Second Boer War
in South Africa, Baden-Powell successfully defended the town in the
Siege of Mafeking
. Several of his military books, written for
military
reconnaissance
and scout training in his African years, were also read by boys. Based on those earlier books, he wrote
Scouting for Boys
, published in 1908 by
Pearson
, for youth readership. During writing, he tested his ideas through a
camping trip on Brownsea Island
with the local
Boys' Brigade
and sons of his friends that began on 1 August 1907, which is now seen as the beginning of Scouting.
After his marriage to
Olave St Clair Soames
, Baden-Powell, his sister
Agnes Baden-Powell
and notably his wife actively gave guidance to the Scouting Movement and the
Girl Guides Movement
. Baden-Powell lived his last years in
Nyeri
,
Kenya
, where he died and was buried in 1941.
Early life
Baden-Powell was born as Robert Stephenson Smyth Powell, or more familiarly as Stephe Powell, at 6 Stanhope Street (now 11 Stanhope Terrace),
Paddington
in London, on 22 February 1857.
[7]
Robert Stephenson
, the railway and civil engineer being his godfather and namesake.
His father
Reverend
Baden Powell
, a
Savilian Professor of Geometry
at
Oxford University
, already had four teenage children from the second of his two previous marriages. On 10 March 1846 at St Luke's Church,
Chelsea
, Reverend Powell married Henrietta Grace Smyth (3 September 1824 – 13 October 1914), eldest daughter of Admiral
William Henry Smyth
and 28 years his junior. Quickly they had
Warington
(early 1847),
George
(late 1847),
Augustus
(1849) and
Francis
(1850). After three further children who died when very young, they had Stephe,
Agnes
(1858) and
Baden
(1860). The three youngest children and the often ill Augustus were close friends.
Reverend Powell died when Stephe
was three
, and as tribute to his father and to set her own children apart from their half-siblings and cousins, the mother changed the family name to
Baden-Powell
. Subsequently, Stephe was raised by his mother, a strong woman who was determined that her children would succeed. Baden-Powell would say of her in 1933 "The whole secret of my getting on, lay with my mother
After attending Rose Hill School,
Tunbridge Wells
, during which his favourite brother Augustus died
,
Stephe Baden-Powell was awarded a scholarship to
Charterhouse
, a prestigious
public school
. His first introduction to Scouting skills was through stalking and cooking game while avoiding teachers in the nearby woods, which were strictly out-of-bounds. He also played the
piano
and
violin
, was an
ambidextrous
artist, and enjoyed
acting
. Holidays were spent on
yachting
or
canoeing
expeditions with his brothers
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