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67-المغناطيس الكهربي وليم ستيرجون أمريكي 1825م

-حصل على تعليم بسيط
- والده كان كسولا واهمل عائلته
- يتيم اجتماعي
- تدرب على صناعة الأحذية

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وليام سترجن
William Sturgeon
ولدَ في 22 مايو 1783
وتنگتن، لانكشاير
توفي في ديسمبر 4, 1850 (عن عمر*67)
Prestwich، لانكشاير
القومية إنجليزي
مجال البحث فيزيائي
المؤسسات المغناطيس الكهربي
اشتهر بسبب كهرومغناطيس زمحرك كهربائي
التأثيرات تشارلز گرافتون پيدج
تأثر بـ تشارلز گرافتون پيدج


أول مغناطيس كهربائي اصطناعي، اخترعه سترجن في 1824. الرسم الأصلي لسترجن من ورقته البحثية في 1824 التي قـُدِّمت إلى الجمعية الملكية البريطانية للفنون والصناعات والتجارة. المغناطيس صـُنع من 18 لفة من السلك النحاسي العاري (فالسلك المعزول لم يكن قد اُختـُرع بعد)[1]
وليام سترجن William Sturgeon ( عاش 22 مايو 1783 - 4 ديسمبر 1850) فيزيائي إنجليزي ومخترع كان له الفضل في ابتكار أول مغناطيس كهربائي
حياته
انضم الى الجيش في 1802 وعلم نفسه الرياضيات والفيزياء. في 1824 أصبح محاضرا في كلية علوم شركة الهند الشرقية في أديسكومب، سري. وفي العام التالي عرض أول مغناطيس كهربائي.[2] وقد استعرض قوة ذلك المغناطيس بجعله يرفع تسعة أرطال بقطعة حديد تزن سبعة أوقيات ملفوفة بسلك يسري فيه تيار من بطارية. وفي 1828 نفذ فكرة الملف اللولبي solenoid لأمپير.


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Oxford Dictionary of Scientists: William SturgeonTop
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British physicist (1783–1850)
Sturgeon's father, a shoemaker of Whittington, England, has been described as an “idle poacher who neglected his family.” Seeing little future as an apprentice cobbler Sturgeon enlisted in the army in 1802. While serving in Newfoundland his interest in science was aroused while watching a violent thunderstorm. Finding that no one seemed able to explain satisfactorily to him the cause and nature of lightning, he started reading whatever science books were available. This led him to the study of mathematics and Latin. When he left the army in 1820 he had acquired a considerable amount of scientific knowledge and skill. He began to write popular articles, joined the Woolwich Literary Society, and must have so impressed his associates that a move was made to find him a more suitable job than the shoemaking he was being forced back into. Thus in 1824 he was appointed to a lectureship in experimental philosophy at the East India Company's Royal Military College at

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Sturgeon, William (1783-1850)

William Sturgeon invented the electro-magnet, which was essential to the development of the telegraph and the telephone.

Born in the north of England, he had little schooling and worked as an apprentice shoemaker. He soon gave this up and joined the army, moving to the Royal Artillery after two years. He made the most of the opportunities for improvement there, and taught himself Greek, Latin and Maths.

He was fascinated by a savage thunderstorm and wondered how lightning was formed, leading him into a lifelong study of electricity.

Tiring of army life, Sturgeon left to become a teacher. He specialised in lecturing on electro-magnetism, and his findings were published in several scientific magazines. In 1840 he became the Superintendent of the Royal Victoria Gallery of Practical Science in Manchester.

He carried on lecturing successfully; people liked his clear and easy-to-understand presentations. But starved of funds, the gallery shut down. Sturgeon couldn't find another job and, despite receiving a small pension, he died penniless.