الموضوع: هل تولد الحياة من رحم الموت؟؟؟ دراسة بحثية
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قديم 11-10-2013, 04:32 PM
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53-الثلاجة فرديناند كاريه فرنسي 1858م

من ويكيبيديا، الموسوعة الحرة

مجهول الطفولة

فرديناند كاريه
فرديناند كاريه (Ferdinand Carré) ولد عام 1824 - وتوفي عام 1894. كان مهندس فرنسي. قام باختراع أول جهاز تبريد (آلة لصناعة الثلج بطريقة امتصاص الماء والنشادر) بين عامي 1857 و1863، وتحصل على براءة اختراع عام 1859. كما عمل في مجال الكهرباء، فاخترع معدل النور الكهربائي، وآلة كاريه (آلة لإنتاج الكهرباء ذو الجهد العالي).

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Ferdinand Philippe Edouard Carré (1824–1900) was a French engineer, born at Moislains (Somme) on 11 March 1824. Carré is best known as the inventor of refrigeration equipment used to produce ice. He died on 11 January 1900 at Pommeuse (Seine-et-Marne).[1]

Carré's ice-making device
In 1850, Ferdinand's brother Edmond Carré (22 January 1833 – 7 May 1894) developed the first absorption refrigerator, using water and sulphuric acid.[2] Ferdinand continued Edmond's work on the process and in 1858 developed a machine which used water as the absorbent and ammonia as refrigerant.[3] His absorption machine was patented in France in 1859 and in the United States in 1860
.[4] In 1862 he exhibited his ice-making machine at the Universal London Exhibition, producing an output of 200 kilograms (440*lb) per hour. His design was based on the gas–vapour system.
In 1876 he equipped the ship Paraguay with an absorption refrigeration system, allowing the ship to carry frozen meat on an intercontinental trip.[5] Carré's method remained popular through the early 1900s. It was replaced by systems using the liquid vapor compression cycle.
Carré also conducted research in the field of electricity. In 1877, he invented an electric light regulator. He also invented the Carré machine, an electrostatic generator used to produced high voltages.[6][7][8
]