منتديات منابر ثقافية - عرض مشاركة واحدة - فيرجينيا وولف- هل كان انتحارها آخر صرخاتها

10-04-2011, 01:55 PM

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اديلين فيرجينيا وولف

25 يناير 1882 — 28 مارس 1941 أديبة إنجليزية، اشتهرت برواياتها التي تمتاز بإيقاظ الضمير الإنساني, ومنها :السيدة دالواي, الأمواج, تعد واحدة من أهم الرموز الأدبية المحدثة في القرن العشرين.

مسيرة حياتها

هي روائية إنجليزية، ومن كتاب المقالات. تزوجت 1912 من ليونارد وولف، الناقد والكاتب الاقتصادي، وهي تعد من كتاب القصة التأثيرين. كانت روايتها الأولى ذات طابع تقليدي مثل رواية «الليل والنهار» 1919، واتخذت فيما بعد المنهج المعروف بمجرى الوعي أو تيار الشعور، كما في "غرفة يعقوب" 1922، و«السيدة دالواي» 1925 و«إلى المنارة» 1927، و"الأمواج" 1931، ولها روايات أخرى ذات طابع تعبيري، منها رواية «أورلاندو» 1928 و«الأعوام» 1937، و«بين الفصول» 1941. اشتغلت بالنقد، ومن كتبها النقدية «القارئ العادي» 1925، و«موت الفراشة ومقالات أخرى» 1943. كتبت ترجمة لحياة «روجز فراي» 1940، وكتبت القصة القصيرة، وظهرت لها مجموعة بعنوان الاثنين أو الثلاثاء 1921 انتحرت غرقاً مخافة أن يصيبها انهيار عقلي.

الروايات

==
Adeline Virginia Woolf 25 January 1882 – 28 March 1941) was an English author, essayist, publisher, and writer of short stories, regarded as one of the foremost modernist literary figures of the twentieth century.
كاتبه انجليزيه ولدت عام 1882
During the interwar period, Woolf was a significant figure in London literary society and a member of the Bloomsbury Group. Her most famous works include the novels Mrs Dalloway (1925), To the Lighthouse (1927) and Orlando (1928), and the book-length essay A Room of One's Own (1929), with its famous dictum, "A woman must have money and a room of her own if she is to write fiction."
اصبحت واحدة من اهم الشخصيات الادبية البريطانية
Woolf, who was educated at home, grew up at the family home at Hyde Park Gate. From her early age, she was extremely attached to her father.
فرجينا كانت مرتبطة كثيرا بوالدها
In middle age she described this period in a letter to Vita Sackville-West: "Think how I was brought up! No school; mooning about alone among my father's books; never any chance to pick up all that goes on in schools—throwing balls; ragging; slang; vulgarities; scenes; jealousies!"
لم تذهب الى المدرسة ولكنها تعلمت من كتب والدها
Woolf's youth was shadowed by series of emotional shocks.
في شبابها تعرض ت لعدد من الصدمات العاطفية
Gerald Duckworth, her half-brother, sexually abused her.
فقد اعتدى عليها اخوها غير الشقيق جنسيا
Julia Jackson Duckworth died from a bout of influenza, when Virginia was in her early teens.
ماتت امها عندما كانت في الثالثة عشرة والتي لم تكن علاقتها بها جيدة حتى انها لا تتذكر بأنها قضت معها وقت ولول لعدة دقائق
She never had a close relationship with her mother – "Can I remember," she once asked, "being alone with her for more than a few minutes."
Stella Duckworth, her half sister, took her mother's place, but died a scant two years later.
اخذت اختها الكبيرة ستيلا دور الام لكنها ما لبثت ان ماتت هي ايضا بعد عامين
Leslie Stephen suffered a slow death from stomach cancer, he died in 1904.
مات والدها عام 1904 عندما كان عمرها ( 22 سنة) اصيبت بأنهيار عصبي
When Virginia's brother Thoby died in 1906, she had a prolonged mental breakdown.
وعندما مات اخوها ثوبي عام 1906 وعمرها 24 اصيبت بأنهيار عصبي طويل
The sudden death of her mother in 1895, when Virginia was 13, and that of her half-sister Stella two years later, led to the first of Virginia's several nervous breakdowns.
The death of her father in 1904 provoked her most alarming collapse and she was briefly institutionalised.
Her breakdowns and subsequent recurring depressive periods, modern scholars (including her nephew and biographer, Quentin Bell) have suggested,[5] were also influenced by the sexual abuse she and Vanessa were subjected to by their half-brothers George and Gerald Duckworth (which Woolf recalls in her autobiographical essays A Sketch of the Past and 22 Hyde Park Gate).
Throughout her life, Woolf was plagued by periodic mood swings and associated illnesses. Though this instability often affected her social life, her literary productivity continued with few breaks throughout her life.
On 28 March 1941, Woolf put on her overcoat, filled its pockets with stones, and walked into the River Ouse near her home and drowned herself. Woolf's body was not found until 18 April 1941. Her husband buried her cremated remains under an elm in the garden of Monk's House, their home in Rodmell, Sussex.
In her last note to her husband she wrote:

“
Dearest, I feel certain that I am going mad again. I feel we can't go through another of those terrible times. And I shan't recover this time. I begin to hear voices, and I can't concentrate. So I am doing what seems the best thing to do. You have given me the greatest possible happiness. You have been in every way all that anyone could be. I don't think two people could have been happier 'til this terrible disease came. I can't fight any longer. I know that I am spoiling your life, that without me you could work. And you will I know. You see I can't even write this properly. I can't read. What I want to say is I owe all the happiness of my life to you. You have been entirely patient with me and incredibly good. I want to say that – everybody knows it. If anybody could have saved me it would have been you. Everything has gone from me but the certainty of your goodness. I can't go on spoiling your life any longer. I don't think two people could have been happier than we have been. V.
ماتت منتحرة عام 1941 وكتبت لزوجها تقول بأنها بدأت تفقد عقلها من جديد وانه لا يمكنها احتمال ذلك فاغرقت نفسها في النهر

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