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Albert Chinụalụmọgụ Achebe (born 16 November 1930) popularly known as Chinua Achebe is a Nigerian novelist, poet, professor, and critic. He is best known for his first novel and magnum opus,[3]Things Fall Apart (1958), which is the most widely read book in modern African literature.
ولد عام 1930 في نيجيريا- افريقيا
Raised by Christian parents in the Igbo town of Ogidi in southeastern Nigeria, Achebe excelled at school and won a scholarship for undergraduate studies. He became fascinated with world religions and traditional African cultures, and began writing stories as a university student. After graduation, he worked for the Nigerian Broadcasting Service and soon moved to the metropolis of Lagos. He gained worldwide attention for Things Fall Apart in the late 1950s; his later novels include No Longer at Ease (1960), Arrow of God (1964), A Man of the People (1966), and Anthills of the Savannah (1987). Achebe writes his novels in English and has defended the use of English, a "language of colonisers", in African literature. In 1975, his lecture An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrad's "Heart of Darkness" became the focus of controversy, for its criticism of Joseph Conrad as "a bloody racist". In 2011, The Guardian of London named An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrad's "Heart of Darkness" one of the 100 greatest non-fiction books ever written.

Prominent Igbo (Ibo) writer, famous for his novels describing the effects of Western customs and values on traditional African society. Achebe's satire and his keen ear for spoken language have made him one of the most highly esteemed African writers in English. In 1990 Achebe was paralyzed from the waist down in a serious car accident.
"I would be quite satisfied if my novels (especially the ones I set in the past) did no more than teach my readers that their past - with all its imperfections - was not one long night of savagery from which the first Europeans acting on God's behalf delivered them" (from Morning Yet on Creation Day, 1975)
Chinua Achebe was born in Ogidi, Nigeria, the son of Isaiah Okafor Achebe, a teacher in a missionary school, and Janet Ileogbunam. His parents, though they installed in him many of the values of their traditional Igbo culture, were devout evangelical Protestants and christened him Albert after Prince Albert, husband of Queen Victoria.
كان والده مدرس في مدرسة كنسية تبشيرية رباه والديه على الدين المسيحي ومنحوه اسما انجليزيا البرت )
In 1944 Achebe attended Government College in Umuahia. Like other major Nigerian writers including Wole Soyinka, Elechi Amadi, John Okigbo, John Pepper Clark, and Cole Omotso, he was also educated at the University College of Ibadan, where he studied English, history and theology.

درس في الجامعة تخصص انجليزي
Early life

Chinua was born Albert Chinualumogu Achebe in the Igbo village of Ogidi on November 16, 1930. Isaiah Okafo Achebe and Janet Anaenechi Iloegbunam Achebe stood at a crossroads of traditional culture and Christian influence; this made a significant impact on the children, especially Chinualumogu.
الصراع بين الدين المسيحي الذي اعنقه الابوان والعادات الافريقية كان له اثر كبير على الاولاد خاصة اتشيبي
After the youngest daughter was born, the family moved to Isaiah Achebe's ancestral town of Ogidi, in what is now the state of Anambra.[2]
Storytelling was a mainstay of the Igbo tradition and an integral part of the community. Chinua's mother and sister Zinobia Uzoma told him many stories as a child, which he repeatedly requested. His education was furthered by the collages his father hung on the walls of their home, as well as almanacs and numerous books – including a prose adaptation of A Midsummer Night's Dream (c. 1590) and an Igbo version of The Pilgrim's Progress (1678). Chinua also eagerly anticipated traditional village events, like the frequent masquerade ceremonies, which he recreated later in his novels and stories.[9]
Education

In 1936, Achebe entered St Philips' Central School. Despite his protests, he spent a week in the religious class for young children, but was quickly moved to a higher class when the school's chaplain took note of his intelligence. One teacher described him as the student with the best handwriting in class, and the best reading skills. He also attended Sunday school every week and the special evangelical services held monthly, often carrying his father's bag. A controversy erupted at one such session, when apostates from the new church challenged the catechist about the tenets of Christianity. Achebe later included a scene from this incident in Things Fall Apart.
ذهابه الى الكنيسة كان تجربة اثرت فيه وتعرض لها في كتاباته
At the age of twelve, Achebe moved away from his family to the village of Nekede, four kilometres from Owerri. He enrolled as a student at the Central School, where his older brother John taught.
عندما صار في الثانية عشره انتقل الى قرية كان يدرس فيها اخاة الاكبر ليدرس في مدرستها
In Nekede, Achebe gained an appreciation for Mbari, a traditional art form which seeks to invoke the gods' protection through symbolic sacrifices in the form of sculpture and collage. When the time came to change to secondary school, in 1944, Achebe sat entrance examinations for and was accepted at both the prestigious Dennis Memorial Grammar School in Onitsha and the even more prestigious Government College in Umuahia.
Modelled on the British public school, and funded by the colonial administration, Government College had been established in 1929 to educate Nigeria's future elite. It had rigorous academic standards and was vigorously elitist, accepting boys purely on the basis of ability. The language of the school was English, not only to develop proficiency but also to provide a common tongue for pupils from different Nigerian language groups. Achebe described this later as being ordered to "put away their different mother tongues and communicate in the language of their colonisers". The rule was strictly enforced and Achebe recalls that his first punishment was for asking another boy to pass the soap in Igbo.
يذكر ان اول عقاب تلقاه في المدرسه التي كانت تدرس اولاد الذوات باللغة الانجليزية لانه تحدث باللغه النيجيرية (اجبو )
In the book Okonkwo struggles with the legacy of his father – a shiftless debtor fond of playing the flute – as well as the complications and contradictions that arise when white missionaries arrive in his village of Umuofia.[50] Exploring the terrain of cultural conflict, particularly the encounter between Igbo tradition and Christian doctrine, Achebe returns to the themes of his earlier stories, which grew from his own background.
Things Fall Apart has become one of the most important books in African literature.[51] Selling over 8 million copies around the world, it has been translated into 50 languages, making Achebe the most translated African writer of all time.[52][53]
مخلص حياته:
- وضع اتشيبي روايته الاولى "لأشياء تتداعى" وهو في الثامنة والعشرين والتي تتمحور حول فكرة ان المركز لم يعد في استطاعته التماسك والفوضى الشاملة تعمالعالم وفي ذلك ما يعكس الظروف التي مرت بالكاتب حتى ذلك السن.
- نجد ان الموضوع الأساسي الذي تركز عليه الرواية هوأثر الاستعمار الأوربي والثقافة الغربية على طريقة الحياة في أفريقيا عامة ومجتمعالإيبو في نيجيريا بوجه خاص .
- يبدو ان موضوع الصدام بين القيم التقليدية للمجتمعاتالأفريقية وقيم الاستعمار الوافد
كان له اثر عظيم على اتشيبي .
- واضح ان اتشيبي كان يعاني من صراع نفسي ودليل ذلك انه غير اسمه الحقيقي ألبرت تشينوالوموجو أتشيبيAlbert Chinualumogu Achebe فغيره إلىتشينوا أتشيبي ليعكس بذلك ارتباطه بأصوله الأفريقية وبهويته المنتسبة للإيبو اكبرالقبائل النيجيرية.
- ولد عام 1930 في نيجيريا- افريقيا
- كان والده مدرس في مدرسة كنسية تبشيرية رباه والديه على الدين المسيحي ومنحوه اسما انجليزيا البرت )
- درس في الجامعة تخصص انجليزي
- الصراع بين الدين المسيحي الذي اعنقه الابوان والعادات الافريقية كان له اثر كبير على الاولاد خاصة اتشيبي
- ذهابه الى الكنيسة كان تجربة اثرت فيه وتعرض لها في كتاباته
- عندما صار في الثانية عشره انتقل الى قرية كان يدرس فيها اخاة الاكبر ليدرس في مدرستها
-يذكر ان اول عقاب تلقاه في المدرسه التي كانت تدرس اولاد الذوات باللغة الانجليزية لانه تحدث باللغه النيجيرية (اجبو ) .
يبدو ان ابرز ما اثر في اتشيبي رغم فقر المعلومات عن طفولته ذلك الصراع بين الهوية التي فرضت عليه من خلال تواجد الاستعمار واثره وهويته الاصلية كونه افريقي. كما انه غادر المنزل وهو طفل (12 ) للدراسة وقد يكون لذلك اثر عظيم ويتم افتراضي لكننا لغايات هذه الدراسة سنعتبره

- مجهول الطفولة.