الموضوع
:
هل تولد الحياة من رحم الموت؟؟؟ دراسة بحثية
عرض مشاركة واحدة
08-22-2011, 11:49 PM
المشاركة
1070
ايوب صابر
مراقب عام سابقا
اوسمتي
مجموع الاوسمة
: 4
تاريخ الإنضمام :
Sep 2009
رقم العضوية :
7857
المشاركات:
12,766
ستيفن الثالث - العظيم
يتمه: قتل ابوه حينما كان عمره 18 سنة
مجاله: قائد عظيم
.
يعرف بأنه ستيفن العظيم...من رومانيا
.
Stephen III of Moldavia
(also known as
Stephen the Great
,
Romanian
:
Ștefan cel Mare
,
pronounced
[ʃteˈfan t͡ʃel ˈmare]
or
Ștefan cel Mare și Sfânt
, "Stephen the Great and Holy"; 1433, Borzești – July 2, 1504) was
Prince
of
Moldavia
between 1457 and 1504 and the most prominent representative of the
House of Mușat
.
During his reign, he strengthened Moldavia and maintained its independence against the ambitions of
Hungary
,
Poland
, and the
Ottoman Empire
, which all sought to subdue the land. Stephen achieved fame in Europe for his long resistance against the Ottomans. He was victorious in 46 of his 48 battles, and was one of the first to gain a decisive victory over the Ottomans at the
Battle of Vaslui
, after which
Pope
Sixtus IV
deemed him
verus
christianae fidei athleta
(
true Champion of Christian Faith
). He was a man of religion and displayed his piety when he paid the debt of
Mount Athos
to the
Porte
, ensuring the continuity of Athos as an autonomous monastical community.
Stephen the Great was a member of the ruling
House of Mușat
. His father
Bogdan II
had ruled Moldavia for two years (1449 to 1451) before being killed in a stealthy raid led by Stephen's uncle,
Petru Aron
. Bogdan II was attending a wedding of one of his boyars - who apparently was in collusion with Petru Aron - and the surprise was complete. Stephen barely escaped with his life, but his father was captured and beheaded on the spot by his stepbrother Petru Aron. Between 1451 and 1457, Moldavia was in turmoil from the civil war between Petru Aron and
Alexăndrel
- a nephew of
Alexandru cel Bun
.
Following the outbreak of the conflict, Stephen took refuge in
Transylvania
, seeking the protection of military commander
John Hunyadi
. After that, he moved to the court of
Vlad III Dracul
and, in 1457, managed to receive 6,000 horsemen as military assistance, putting them to use in a victorious battle against Petru Aron at
Doljești
, near
Roman
. Following another lost battle at
Orbic
, Aron fled to Poland, while Stephen was crowned Prince. Two years later, he led an incursion into Poland in search of Aron, but was met with resistance. Instead, a treaty was signed between Moldavia and Poland, through which Stephen recognized
King
Kazimierz IV Jagiellon
as his
suzerain
, while Aron was banned from entering Moldavia.
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