Günter Wilhelm Grass (born 16 October 1927) is a Nobel Prize-winning German author, poet, playwright, sculptor and artist.

- ولد عام 1927 في المانيا حص على جائزة نوبل
He was born in the Free City of Danzig (now Gdańsk, Poland). In 1945, he came as a refugee to West Germany, but in his fiction he frequently returns to the Danzig of his childhood.
جاء الى ألمانيا الغربية عام 1945 بصفة لأجيء
He is best known for his first novel, The Tin Drum, a key text in European magic realism and the first part of his Danzig Trilogy. His works frequently have a left wing political dimension and Grass has been an active supporter of the Social Democratic Party of Germany.
يساري الميول ومؤيد للحزب الاشتراكي الديمقراطي

German poet, novelist, playwright, sculptor, and printmaker, who, with his extraordinary first novel die BLECHTROMMEL (1959, The Tin Drum) became the literary spokesman for the German generation that grew up in Nazi era. Grass received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1999.


حصل على جائزة نوبل للادب عام 1999


The author has described himself as "Spätaufklärer", a belated apostle of enlightenment in an era that has grown tired of reason. He has once said, that writers, by giving us ''mouth-to-ear artificial respiration,'' help keep humanity alive.


"You can begin a story in the middle and create confusion by striking out boldly, backward and forward. You can be modern, put aside all mention of time and distance and, when the whole thing is done, proclaim, or let someone else proclaim, that you have finally, at the last moment, solved the space-time problem. Or you can declare at the very start that it's impossible to write a novel nowadays, but then, behind your own back so to speak, give birth to a whopper, a novel to end all novels." (from The Tin Drum)


Günter Grass was born in the (former) Free City of Danzig (now Gdánsk, Poland), the scene of his several novels.


مدينة غدانسك مكان ولادته يعتبر هو المكان الذي جرت فيه الكثير من رواياته


His father owned a grocery and his mother was of Kashubian origin – Slavic people distinct from the Poles both as to language and culture.


امتلك والده دكان وكانت امه من اصول غير بولندية


Grass was educated at Danzig Volksschule and Gymnasium. In the 1930s he joined the Hitler Youth, was drafted into the army at the age of 16, and wounded in a battle in 1945.


انضم في العام 1930 وعمره 3 سنوات الى شبيبة هتلر والتحق بالجيش الالماني وعمره 16 سنة


In an interview from 2006, Grass admitted that he had served in the notorious Waffen SS.





"It had to come out finally," Grass said. "It will stain me forever." Grass was imprisoned in Marienbad, Czechoslovakia. Freed in 1946,


سجن في تشيكوسلوفاكيا واطلق سراحة عام 1946


Grass supported himself by working on farms, in a potash mine, and as a stonemason's apprentice.


عمل في عدة مهن يدوية لتمويل نفسه


In 1948 Grass enrolled as a student of painting and sculpture in the Düsseldorf Academy of Art.


في العام 1948 انضم لدراسة الفن


He studied in West Berlin at State Academy of Fine Arts in Berlin (1953-55) AND made journeys to Italy, France, and Spain.


درس في ايطاليا وسافر الى اسبانيا وفرنسا


In 1954 he married Anna Margareta Schwartz – they were divorced in 1978. In 1979 Grass married Ute Grunert.


تزوج في العام 1954 من انا مارجريت وانفصلا بالطرق عام


تزوج مرة اخرى عام 1979 من جرنرت 1978


Both in Düsseldorf and Berlin Grass had written poetry, some of which he read before Group 47, an influential circle of writers. From 1956 to 1960 he worked as a sculptor and writer in Paris.


من عام 1956 وحتى عام 1960 عاش في فرنسا وعمل كاتب ونحات هناك


In 1960 he settled in West-Berlin.


عام 1960 استقر في برلين الغربية


While staying in Paris in 1956, Grass started his hugely successful first novel, The Tin Drum.


بينما كان يسكن في باريس بدأ في كتابة روايته الرائعة في العام 1956


His other works from the late 1950s were mostly plays, which, like his verse, achieved only modest public acclaim. The Tin Drum caused a furor in Germany because of its depiction of the Nazis. The central character is Oscar Matzerath, who has refused to grow as a protest to the cruelties of German history. He communicates only through his toy drum.


Die Blechtrommel (The Tin Drum) was filmed in 1979 by Volker Schlöndorff, starring David Bennent (Oskar), Mario Adorf (Alfred Matzerath), Angela Winkler (Agnes Matzerath), Daniel Olbrychski, Katherina Thalbach, Mariella Oliveri.


The story is set in Poland and starts from the early 1900s. A peasant girl gives birth to Agnes. After World War I she marries Alfred, a grocer in Danzig. She has an affair with her cousin Jan, who may be the father of Oskar.At the age of three Oskar resolves not to grow. As a mark of his decision he, becomes attached to his toy tin drum. Fascists take over Danzig. Agnes dies after being forced to eat eels by Alfred, who remarries. Oskar leads Jan to the besieged Polish post office, where he is captured and executed by the Germans. Oskar then joins a circus and returns at the end of the war to Danzig. Alfred is shot as a collaborator and Oskar starts growing again. - Schlöndorff later gave up on the idea of a sequel which would follow the rest of the novel. 12-year-old David Bennent in the role of Oskar produced a startling performance.

روايته تحكي قصة فتاة انجبت ولد اسمته Agnes وبعد الحرب العالمية الاولى تزوجت الفرد الذي كان يعمل بقال في جدانسك ، وحيث انه كان لها علاقة مع ابن عمها Jan يعتقد انها انجبت منه طفل اسمته اوسكار، في سن الثالثه رفض اوسكار ان يكبر ( نفس العمر الذي ضم فيه الروائي الى شبيبة هتلر)، مات اجنس اخو اسكار من تلك المرأة الفلاحة كنتيجة لاجباره على اكل السمك من قبل الفرد. يقود اوسكار Jan الى مكتب بريد بولندي محاصر حيث يلقى عليه القبض ويعدم هناك. بعد ذلك ينضم اوسكار الى السيرك ( نفس زمن انضمام الروائي الى الجيش الالماني) ويعود الى جدانسك بعد نهاية الحرب ) وهو نفس ما فعله الكاتب بعد نهاية الحرب. وعندما يعدم زوج الام ( الفرد ) بتهمة التأمر مع النازيين يقرر اوسكار ان يعود لينمو من جديد..
في الواقع تبدو الاحداث في هذه الرواية قريبة جدا من احداث حياة الروائي نفسها فوالدته فلاحة وليست من اصول بولندية ووالده كان يعمل بقال، الحق في الشبيبية النازية وعمره 3 سنوات، ثم انضم للجيش في سن 16 ليعود بعد انتهاء الحرب الى جدانسك وعليه هناك احتمال كبر بأن تكون الرواية اشبه ما تكون بسيرة ذاتية لطفولة الكاتب.

Danzig has been for Grass what Dublin was for Joyce. The Tin Drum was the first part of Grass' 'Danzig trilogy', which continued in the novella KATZ UND MAUS (1961, Cat and Mouse), depicting the experiences on lower-middle-class youth in Danzig from 1939 to 1944. HUNDEJAHRE (1963, Dog Years) Grass later regarded as a false start on the third part. The novel focused on the Nazi crimes and the postwar acceptability of former Nazis. From Dangiz Grass turned his attention to Berlin. In the play DIE PLEBEJER PROBEN DEN AUFSTAND (1966, The Plebeians Rehearse the Uprising) Bertolt Brecht appears as the Boss, who declines to leave his theatrical preoccupation to support the East Berlin workers' reformist uprising. The novel ÖRTLICH BETÄUBT (1969, Local Anaesthetic) and the drama DAVOR, based on the novel, had Berlin as the scene of events.


After establishing his fame with the trilogy, Grass became active in politics, though he did not abandon his anti-ideological scepticism. He worked as a ghost-writer for the leader of the Social Democrats, Willy Brandt (1913-1992), who was elected chancellor from 1969-74. (Collection of speeches and essays: DER BÜRGER UND SEINE STIMME, 1974 – The Citizen and his Voice).


In the 1970s and 1980s Grass expanded his subjects from recent German history and contemporary politics into other issues, such as feminism, the art of cooking, and ecology. He traveled to India for the first time in 1975 and in the late 1980s he spent some months in Calcutta.


في العام 1975 سافر الى الهند

Life
Grass was born in the Free City of Danzig on 16 October 1927, to Willy Grass (1899–1979), a Protestant ethnic German, and Helene Grass (née Knoff, 1898–1954), a Roman Catholic of Kashubian-Polish origin.
Grass was raised a Catholic. His parents had a grocery store with an attached apartment in Danzig-Langfuhr (now Gdańsk-Wrzeszcz). He has one sister, who was born in 1930.
Grass attended the Danzig Gymnasium Conradinum. He volunteered for submarine service with the Kriegsmarine "to get out of the confinement he felt as a teenager in his parents' house" which he considered - in a negative way - civic Catholic lower middle class. In 1943 he became a Luftwaffenhelfer, then he was drafted into the Reichsarbeitsdienst, and in November 1944, shortly after his seventeenth birthday, volunteered into the Waffen-SS. The seventeen-year-old Grass saw combat with the 10th SS Panzer Division Frundsberg from February 1945 until he was wounded on 20 April 1945 and sent to an American POW camp.
شارك في المعارك الى ان اصيب في العام 1945 وارسل الى معسكر اعتقال امريكي