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08-25-2012, 12:30 AM
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تاريخ الإنضمام :
Sep 2009
رقم العضوية :
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21-آرثر ويزلي (دوق ويلنجتون الاول
)
Field Marshal
Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington
,
KG
,
GCB
,
GCH
,
PC
,
FRS
(1 May 1769
[
–
14 September 1852), was a
British
soldier
and
statesman
, a native of
Ireland
from the
Anglo-Irish
Ascendancy
,
[3]
and one of the leading military and political figures of the 19th century. He is often referred to as "
the Duke of Wellington
", even after his death, when there have been subsequent
Dukes of Wellington
.
Wellesley was commissioned as an
ensign
in the
British Army
in 1787. Serving in Ireland as
aide-de-camp
to two successive
Lords Lieutenant of Ireland
he was also elected as a
Member of Parliament
in the
Irish House of Commons
. A colonel by 1796, Wellesley saw action in the
Netherlands
and later in
India
, where he fought in the
Fourth Anglo-Mysore War
at the
Battle of Seringapatam
. He was appointed governor of
Seringapatam
and
Mysore
in 1799, and as a newly appointed major-general won a decisive victory over the
Maratha Confederacy
at the
Battle of Assaye
in 1803.
Wellesley rose to prominence as a general during the
Peninsular campaign
of the
Napoleonic Wars
, and was promoted to the rank of
field marshal
after leading the allied forces to victory against the French at the
Battle of Vitoria
in 1813. Following
Napoleon's
exile in 1814, he served as the
ambassador to France
and was granted a
dukedom
. During the
Hundred Days
in 1815, he commanded the
allied
army which, together with a
Prussian army
under
Blücher
, defeated Napoleon at the
Battle of Waterloo
. Wellesley's
battle record
is exemplary, ultimately participating in some 60 battles throughout his military career.
[4]
He was twice
prime minister
under the
Tory
party and oversaw the passage of the
Catholic Relief Act 1829
. He was prime minister from 1828–30 and served briefly in 1834. He was unable to prevent the passage of the
Reform Act 1832
and continued as one of the leading figures in the
House of Lords
until his retirement. He remained
Commander-in-Chief of the British Army
until his death
Wellington was born in
Ireland
as "The Honourable Arthur Wesley", the fourth son—third of five surviving sons—to
Garret Wesley, 1st Earl of Mornington
, and Anne, the eldest daughter of
Arthur Hill-Trevor, 1st Viscount Dungannon
. He was most likely born at their townhouse, 24 Upper Merrion Street,
Dublin
, now the "Merrion Hotel".
[5]
His biographers mostly follow the contemporary newspaper evidence in saying he was born 1 May 1769,
[6]
the day he was baptised.
[7]
His mother, Anne, Countess of Mornington, recalled in 1815 that he had been born at 6 Merrion Street, Dublin.
[8]
Other places which have been put forward as the location of his birth include Mornington House (the house which used to be next door) - as his father had asserted, the Dublin packet boat
[9]
and the family estate of
Athy
(which perished in the fires of 1916) - as the Duke apparently put on his 1851 census return.
[10]
He spent most of his childhood at his family's two homes, the first a large house in Dublin and the second, Dangan Castle, 3.1 miles (5 km) north of Summerhill on the Trim road in
County Meath
, part of the Province of Leinster. I
n 1781 Arthur's father died and his eldest brother
Richard
inherited his father's earldom
.
[12]
He went to the
diocesan
school in
Trim
when at Dangan, Mr. Whyte's Academy when in Dublin, and at Brown's School in
Chelsea
when in London. He then enrolled at
Eton
, where he studied from 1781 to 1784.
[12]
His loneliness there caused him to hate it, and makes it highly unlikely that he actually said, "The Battle of Waterloo was won on the playing fields of Eton". Moreover, Eton had no playing fields at the time. In 1785, a lack of success at Eton, combined with a shortage of family funds due to his father's death, forced the young Wellesley and his mother to move to
Brussels
.
[13]
Until his early twenties, Arthur continued to show little sign of distinction and his mother grew increasingly concerned at his idleness, stating, "I don't know what I shall do with my awkward son Arthur".
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