الموضوع
:
هل تولد الحياة من رحم الموت؟؟؟ دراسة بحثية
عرض مشاركة واحدة
03-18-2015, 03:57 PM
المشاركة
1938
ايوب صابر
مراقب عام سابقا
اوسمتي
مجموع الاوسمة
: 4
تاريخ الإنضمام :
Sep 2009
رقم العضوية :
7857
المشاركات:
12,766
وهذا العبقري فاز بجائزة نوبل في الكيمياء مرتين وهو الرابع في العالم الذي فاز بمثل هذه الجائزة وهذا الانجاز وقد وضع طريقة لقراءة الجينات ويطلق الان عليها اسمه ( طريقة او عملية سانغر ) وهو يتيم الاب والام قبل سن العشرين كما تقول وكيبيديا ادناه اللذان ماتا وهو في تلك السن بسبب مرض السرطان:
فردريك سانجر
(
بالإنجليزية
: Frederick Sanger) ولد في
13 أغسطس
1918
وتوفي في
19 نوفمبر
2013
، هو عالم
كيمياء حيوية
بريطاني
تحصل مرتين على
جائزة نوبل في الكيمياء
وذلك سنة 1958 و 1980 ورابع شخص في العالم يقوم بهذا الإنجاز.
السيرة الذاتية
[
حاز فردريك على جائزة
جائزة نوبل في الكيمياء
في سنة
1958
«لعمله على هيكلية
البروتين
وخاصة
الإنسولين
»
طور كذلك طريقة
تسلسل الحمض النووي
، وهو ما يمكننا من قراءة الجينات، وهذه العملية الأن أصبحت تسمى بإسمه وهي عملية سانغر. في
1977
، بفضل هذه الطريقة، نجح فريقه في إعادة بناء أول تسلسل
لمجين
كامل لكائن بيولوجي،
فيروس
العاثية
فج فيكس 174
.
وسنة
1980
، حاز سانغر مع مشاركه
ولتر غيلبرت
على نصف
جائزة نوبل في الكيمياء
(النصف الأخر تحصل عليه
بول برغ
) «لمساهماتهما في تحديد تسلسل قاعدة
الأحماض النووية
»
[2]
.
§
الأوسمة والجوائز
[
عدل
]
عضو في
وسام الاستحقاق البريطاني
.
عضو في
وسام رفقاء الشرف
.
رتبة القائد في
رتبة الإمبراطورية البريطانية
.
عضو في
الجمعية الملكية
.
Frederick Sanger
,
OM
,
CH
,
CBE
,
FRS
,
FAA
(
/
ˈ
s
æ
ŋ
ər
/
; 13 August 1918 – 19 November 2013) was a British
biochemist
who won the
Nobel Prize for Chemistry
twice, one of only two people to have done so in the same category (the other is
John Bardeen
in Physics),
[5]
the fourth person overall with
two Nobel Prizes
, and the third person overall with two Nobel Prizes in the sciences. In 1958, he was awarded a Nobel Prize in chemistry "for his work on the
structure of proteins
, especially that of
insulin
". In 1980,
Walter Gilbert
and Sanger shared half of the chemistry prize "for their contributions concerning the determination of base
sequences in nucleic acids
". The other half was awarded to
Paul Berg
"for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids, with particular regard to
recombinant DNA
".
[3]
[6]
[7]
§
Early life and education[]
Frederick Sanger was born on 13 August 1918 in
Rendcomb
, a small village in
Gloucestershire
, England, the second son of Frederick Sanger, a
general practitioner
, and his wife, Cicely Sanger (née Crewdson).
[8]
He was one of three children. His brother, Theodore, was only a year older, while his sister May (Mary) was five years younger.
[9]
His father had worked as an Anglican medical missionary in China but returned to England because of ill health. He was 40 in 1916 when he married Cicely who was four years younger. Sanger's father converted to
Quakerism
soon after his two sons were born and brought up the children as Quakers. Sanger's mother was the daughter of a wealthy cotton manufacturer and had a Quaker background, but Cicely was not a Quaker.
[9]
When Sanger was around five years old the family moved to the small village of
Tanworth-in-Arden
in Warwickshire. The family was reasonably wealthy and employed a governess to teach the children. In 1927, at the age of nine, he was sent to the
Downs School
, a residential preparatory school run by Quakers near
Malvern
. His brother Theo was a year ahead of him at the same school. In 1932, at the age of 14, he was sent to the recently established
Bryanston School
in Dorset. This used the
Dalton
system and had a more liberal regime which Sanger much preferred. At the school he liked his teachers and particularly enjoyed scientific subjects.
[9]
He achieved good results in the
School Certificate
examinations and in 1936 moved as an undergraduate to
St John's College, Cambridge
to study natural sciences. His father had attended the same college. For Part I of his
Tripos
he took courses in physics, chemistry, biochemistry and mathematics but struggled with physics and mathematics. Many of the other students had studied more mathematics at school. In his second year he replaced physics with physiology. He took three years to obtain his Part I. For his Part II he studied biochemistry. It was a relatively new department founded by
Gowland Hopkins
with enthusiastic lecturers who included
Malcolm Dixon
,
Joseph Needham
and
Ernest Baldwin
.
[9]
Both his parents died from cancer during his first two years at Cambridge. His father was 60 and his mother was 58. As an undergraduate Sanger's beliefs were strongly influenced by his Quaker upbringing. He was a pacifist and a member of the
Peace Pledge Union
. It was through his involvement with the Cambridge Scientists' Anti-War Group that he met his future wife, Joan Howe, who was studying economics at
Newnham College
. They courted while he was studying for his Part II exams and married after he had graduated in December 1940. Under the
Military Training Act 1939
he was provisionally registered as a
conscientious objector
, and again under the
National Service (Armed Forces) Act 1939
, before being granted unconditional exemption from military service by a tribunal. In the meantime he undertook training in social relief work at the Quaker centre, Spicelands, Devon and served briefly as a hospital orderly.
[9]
Sanger began studying for a
PhD
in October 1940 under
N.W. "Bill" Pirie
. His project was to investigate whether edible protein could be obtained from grass. After little more than a month Pirie left the department and
Albert Neuberger
became his adviser.[
citation needed
] Sanger changed his research project to study the metabolism of
lysine
[10]
and a more practical problem concerning the nitrogen of potatoes.
[11]
His thesis had the title, "The metabolism of the amino acid lysine in the animal body". He was examined by
Charles Harington
and
Albert Charles Chibnall
and awarded his doctorate in 1943.
[9]
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