الموضوع: هل تولد الحياة من رحم الموت؟؟؟ دراسة بحثية
عرض مشاركة واحدة
قديم 06-26-2011, 11:39 PM
المشاركة 907
الصورة الرمزية ايوب صابر
ايوب صابر
مراقب عام سابقا

اوسمتي

  • غير موجود
افتراضي
جاري كسباروف

يتمه: مات ابوه معمره 7 سنوات.
مجاله: افضل لاعب شطرنج بل عبقري الشطرج في العالم.

ولد جاري كيموفيتش كاسباروف في مدينة باكو بأذربيجان احدى جمهوريات الاتحاد السوفيتى
السابق عام 1963 اسمه الحقيقي جاري وينستون ، لكنه غيره إلى كاسباروف ليصبج الاسم أكثر روسية ويكون سريع الانتشار، واشتق كاسباروف هذا الاسم من اسم عائلة أمه الأرمينية " كاسباريان".

تعلم كاسباروف الشطرنج في سن الخامسة ، وفي الحادية عشرة من عمره استطاع أن يفوز ببطولة أذربيجان للشطرنج ، ثم بطولة العالم للناشئين 1980، وحصل بعدها على لقب أستاذ دولي كبير في نفس العام.وفي عام 1984 ظهر كاسباروف على الساحة العالمية وسطر اسمه بأحرف من ذهب في سجل أبطال العالم، عندما فاز في تصفيات بطولة العالم على لاعبين كبار مثل بطل العالم السابق سيمسلوف ، الذي أصبح بعد الفوز عليه المتحدي الرسمي لبطل العالم في وقتها أناتولي كاربوف.
لعب كساباروف مباراة التحدي معه واستمرت 48 دورا حتى قرر رئيس الاتحاد الدولي إيقافها بسبب سوء حالة كاربوف الصحية على أن تلعب بطولة عالم جديدة في العام التالي ، ويفوز فيها كاسباروف ، ويتوج بطلاً للعالم ، تم يأتي عام 1986 ليؤكد كاسباروف جدارته باللقب العالمي
ويفوز للمرة الثانية ليحتفظ باللقب العالمي. جاء عام 1987 ليلتقي كاسباروف مرة ثانية مع كاربوف لكن في هذه الجولة يتعادل البطلان ليحتفظ كاسباروف بلقبه حسب قانون الاتحاد الدولي،
ثم للمرة الخامسة والأخيرة يلتقيان عام 1990 ليفوز كاسباروف، ويحتفظ باللقب مرة أخرى.



Garry Kimovich Kasparov (Russian: Га́рри Ки́мович Каспа́ров, Russian pronunciation: [ˈɡarʲɪ ˈkʲiməvʲɪtɕ kɐˈsparəf]; born Garry Kimovich Weinstein, 13 April 1963, Baku, Azerbaijan) is a Russian (formerly Soviet) chessgrandmaster, a former World Chess Champion, writer, political activist, and one of the greatest chess players of all time.[1]
Kasparov became the youngest ever undisputed World Chess Champion in 1985 at the age of 22.[2] He held the official FIDE world title until 1993, when a dispute with FIDE led him to set up a rival organization, the Professional Chess Association. He continued to hold the "Classical" World Chess Championship until his defeat by Vladimir Kramnik in 2000. He is also widely known for being the first world chess champion to lose a match to a computer under standard time controls, when he lost to Deep Blue in 1997.
Kasparov's ratings achievements include being rated world No.1 according to Elo rating almost continuously from 1986 until his retirement in 2005 and holding the all-time highest rating of 2851.[3] He was the world number-one ranked player for 255 months, by far the most of all-time and nearly three times as long as his closest rival, Anatoly Karpov. He also holds records for consecutive tournament victories and Chess Oscars.
Kasparov announced his retirement from professional chess on 10 March 2005, to devote his time to politics and writing. He formed the United Civil Front movement, and joined as a member of The Other Russia, a coalition opposing the administration of Vladimir Putin. He was a candidate for the 2008 Russian presidential race, but later withdrew. Widely regarded in the West as a symbol of opposition to Putin, Kasparov's support in Russia is low.[4][5]
In 2007, he was ranked 25th in The Daily Telegraph's list of 100 greatest living geniuses
Garry Kasparov was born Garry Kimovich Weinstein (Russian: Гарри Вайнштейн) in Baku,[7] Azerbaijan SSR, Soviet Union; now Azerbaijan, to an Armenian mother and Jewish father.[8] He first began the serious study of chess after he came across a chess problem set up by his parents and proposed a solution.]

His father died of leukemia when he was seven years old. At the age of twelve, he adopted his mother's Armenian surname, Gasparyan, modifying it to a more Russified version, Kasparov.

From age 7, Kasparov attended the Young Pioneer Palace in Baku and, at 10 began training at Mikhail Botvinnik's chess school under noted coach Vladimir Makogonov. Makogonov helped develop Kasparov's positional skills and taught him to play the Caro-Kann Defence and the Tartakower System of the Queen's Gambit Declined.[12] Kasparov won the Soviet Junior Championship in Tbilisi in 1976, scoring 7 points of 9, at age 13. He repeated the feat the following year, winning with a score of 8½ of 9. He was being trained by Alexander Shakarov during this time.
In 1978, Kasparov participated in the Sokolsky Memorial tournament in Minsk. He had been invited as an exception but took first place and became a chess master. Kasparov has repeatedly said that this event was a turning point in his life, and that it convinced him to choose chess as his career. "I will remember the Sokolsky Memorial as long as I live," he wrote. He has also said that after the victory, he thought he had a very good shot at the World Championship.[13]
He first qualified for the Soviet Chess Championship at age 15 in 1978, the youngest ever player at that level. He won the 64-player Swiss system tournament at Daugavpils over tiebreak from Igor V. Ivanov, to capture the sole qualifying place.
Kasparov rose quickly through the FIDE (World Chess Federation) rankings. Starting with an oversight by the Russian Chess Federation, he participated in a Grandmaster tournament in Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina (then part of Yugoslavia), in 1979 while still unrated (He was a replacement for Viktor Korchnoi whom was originally invited but withdrew due to threat of boycott from the Soviet). He won this high-class tournament, emerging with a provisional rating of 2595, enough to catapult him to the top group of chess players (at the time, number 15 in the World[14]). The next year, 1980, he won the World Junior Chess Championship in Dortmund, West Germany. Later that year, he made his debut as second reserve for the Soviet Union at the Chess Olympiad at La Valletta, Malta, and became a Grandmaster.