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قديم 06-24-2011, 09:33 AM
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اوسمتي

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افتراضي
ليبنتز جوتفريد ولهلم

يتمه: مات ابوه وعمره 6 سنوات.
مجاله: عالم ومكتشف ألماني (1646_1716)

ولد في ليبزنغ سنة 1646 تلقى تربية الرجل الشريف في فرنسا حتى علم 1672 ثم درس كل من فرنسيس بيكون وكليبر وجاليله وديكارت حصل على شهادة اللسانس في الفنون سنة 1663 في ليبزنغ دخل كلية الحقوق ورفض لقب دكتور بسبب صغر سنة لكنه حصل على هذا اللقب في السنة نفسها من جمعية التدروف إنضم إلى مؤسسه وهي مؤسسة سرية عالمية ثم دخل السياسة فأصبح مستشار في البلاط توفي لي ليبيغ سنة 1716 في عزلة تامه لكن باريس وحدها أبدت دهشتها لوفاة الفيلسوف العظيم فقام فونتيل برثائه وإظهار أثره سنة 1717 .
من أهم أعماله ::
* وضع أسس التحليل الحديث .
* وضع كتاب مقال في الرياضيات سنة 1846 كما له العديد من الكتب الفليفية

Gottfried Leibniz was born on July 1, 1646 in Leipzig, Saxony (at the end of the Thirty Years' War), to Friedrich Leibniz and Catherina Schmuck. Leibniz's father, who was of Sorbian ancestry,[6][7] died when he was six years old, and from that point on, he was raised by his mother. Her teachings influenced Leibniz's philosophical thoughts in his later life.
Leibniz's father, Friedrich Leibniz, had been a Professor of Moral Philosophy at the University of Leipzig, so Leibniz inherited his father's personal library. He was given free access to this from the age of seven and thereafter. While Leibniz's schoolwork focused on a small canon of authorities, his father's library enabled him to study a wide variety of advanced philosophical and theological works – ones that he would not have otherwise been able to read until his college years.[citation needed] Access to his father's library, largely written in Latin, also led to his proficiency in the Latin language. Leibniz was proficient in Latin by the age of 12, and he composed three hundred hexameters of Latin verse in a single morning for a special event at school at the age of 13.[citation needed]
He enrolled in his father's former university at age 14, and he completed his bachelor's degree in philosophy in December of 1662. He defended his Disputatio Metaphysica de Principio Individui, which addressed the Principle of individuation, on June 9, 1663. Leibniz earned his master's degree in philosophy on February 7, 1664. He published and defended a dissertation Specimen Quaestionum Philosophicarum ex Jure collectarum, arguing for both a theoretical and a pedagogical relationship between philosophy and law, in December 1664. After one year of legal studies, he was awarded his bachelor's degree in Law on September 28, 1665.[citation needed]
In 1666, (at age 20), Leibniz published his first book, On the Art of Combinations, the first part of which was also his habilitation thesis in philosophy. His next goal was to earn his license and doctorate in Law, which normally required three years of study then. Older students in the law school blocked his early graduation plans, prompting Leibniz to leave Leipzig in disgust in September of 1666.[citation needed]
Leibniz then enrolled in the University of Altdorf, and almost immediately he submitted a thesis, which he had probably been working on earlier in Leipzig. The title of his thesis was Disputatio de Casibus perplexis in Jure. Leibniz earned his license to practice law and his Doctorate in Law in November of 1666. He next declined the offer of an academic appointment at Altdorf, and he spent the rest of his life in the paid service of two main German noble families.[citation needed]
As an adult, Leibniz often introduced himself as "Gottfried von Leibniz". Also many posthumously-published editions of his writings presented his name on the title page as "Freiherr G. W. von Leibniz." However, no document has ever been found from any contemporary government that stated his appointment to any form of nobility.[8]