الموضوع: هل تولد الحياة من رحم الموت؟؟؟ دراسة بحثية
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قديم 08-18-2010, 10:53 PM
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الصورة الرمزية ايوب صابر
ايوب صابر
مراقب عام سابقا

اوسمتي

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افتراضي
رابندراناث طاغور

(بالإنجليزية: Rabindranath Tagore‏) شاعروفيلسوفهندي. ولد عام 1861 في القسم البنغالي من مدينة كالكتا وتلقى تعليمه في منزل الأسرة على يد أبيه ديبندرانات وأشقاؤه ومدرس يدعى دفيجندرانات الذي كان عالماً وكاتباً مسرحياً وشاعراً وكذلك درس رياضة الجودو. درس طاغور اللغة السنسكريتية لغته الأم وآدابها واللغة الإنجليزية ونال جائزة نوبل في الآداب عام 1913 وأنشأ مدرسة فلسفية معروفة باسم فيسفا بهاراتي أو الجامعة الهندية للتعليم العالى في عام 1918 في اقليم شانتي نيكتان بغرب البنغال.

ولد رابندرانات في كالكوتا في الهند في السابع من مايو عام 1861 لأسرة ميسورة من طبقة البراهماالكهنوتية. والده رابندرانات طاغور كان مصلحا اجتماعيا ودينيا معروفا وسياسيا ومفكرا بارزا. أما والدته سارادا ديفي فقد أنجبت 12 ولدا وبنتا قبل أن ترزق بطاغور. ولعل كقرة البنين والبنات حالت دون أن يحظى طاغور, رغم أنه أصغر أشقائه سنا بالدلال الكافي. كانت الأسرة معروفة بتراثها ورفعة نسبها, حيث كان جد طاغور قد أسس لنفسه إمبراطورية مالية ضخمة, وكان آل طاغور رواد حركة النهضة البنغالية إذ سعوا إلى الربط بين الثقافة الهندية التقليدية والأفكار والمفاهيم الغربية. ولقد أسهم معظم أشقاء طاغور, الذين عرفوا بتفوقهم العلمي والأدبي في إغناء الثقافة والأدب والموسيقى البنغالية بشكل أو بآخر, وإن كان رابندرانات طاغور, هو الذي اكتسب في النهاية شهرة كأديب وإنسان, لكونه الأميز والأكثر غزارة وتنوعا, وإنتاجاً.أحم...
Rabindranath Tagore (Bengali (7 May 1861 – 7 August 1941),γ[›] sobriquet Gurudev,δ[›] was an Indian Bengalipolymath. He was a popular poet, novelist, musician, and playwright who reshaped Bengali literatureand music in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. As author of Gitanjali and its "profoundly sensitive, fresh and beautiful verse",[1] and as the first Asian to win the Nobel Prize in Literature,[2] Tagore was perhaps the most widely regarded Indian literary figure of all time. He was a mesmerizing representative of the Indian culture whose influence and popularity internationally perhaps could only be compared to that of Gandhi, whom Tagore named 'Mahatma' out of his deep admiration for him.
A Pirali Brahmin[3][4][5][6] from Kolkata, Tagore was already writing poems at age eight.[7] At age sixteen, he published his first substantial poetry under the pseudonym Bhanushingho ("Sun Lion")[8][9] and wrote his first short stories and dramas in 1877. Tagore denounced the British Raj and supported independence. His efforts endure in his vast canon and in the institution he founded, Visva-Bharati University.
Tagore modernised Bengali art by spurning rigid classical forms.

His novels, stories, songs, dance-dramas, and essays spoke to political and personal topics. Gitanjali (Song Offerings), Gora (Fair-Faced), and Ghare-Baire (The Home and the World) are his best-known works, and his verse, short stories, and novels were acclaimed for their lyricism, colloquialism, naturalism, and contemplation. Tagore was perhaps the only litterateur who penned anthems of two countries: India and Bangladesh: Jana Gana Mana and Amar Shonar Bangla.
The youngest of thirteen surviving children, Tagore was born in the Jorasanko mansion in Kolkata of parents Debendranath Tagore (1817–1905) and Sarada Devi (1830–1875).ε[›][10]Tagore family patriarchs were the Brahmo founding fathers of the Adi Dharm faith.

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He was mostly raised by servants, as his mother had died in his early childhood; his father travelled extensively.[11] Tagore largely declined classroom schooling, preferring to roam the mansion or nearby idylls: Bolpur, Panihati, and others.[12][13] Upon his upanayan initiation at age eleven, Tagore left Kolkata on 14 February 1873 to tour India with his father for several months. They visited his father's Santiniketan estate and stopped in Amritsar before reaching the Himalayan hill station of Dalhousie. There, young "Rabi" read biographies and was home-educated in history, astronomy, modern science, and Sanskrit, and examined the poetry of Kālidāsa.[14][15] He completed major works in 1877, one a long poem of the Maithili style pioneered by Vidyapati. Published pseudonymously, experts accepted them as the lost works of Bhānusiṃha, a newly discoveredζ[›] 17th-century Vaiṣṇava poet.[16] He wrote "Bhikharini" (1877; "The Beggar Woman"—the Bengali language's first short story)[17][18] and Sandhya Sangit (1882)—including the famous poem "Nirjharer Swapnabhanga" ("The Rousing of [/justify]the Waterfall").