Nikolai Vasilievich Gogol (/ثˆة،oتٹة،ة™l, -ة،ة”ثگl/;[4] Russian: ذ‌ذ¸ذ؛ذ¾ذ»ذ°جپذ¹ ذ’ذ°رپذ¸جپذ»رŒذµذ²ذ¸ر‡ ذ“ذ¾جپذ³ذ¾ذ»رŒ, tr. Nikolay Vasilievich Gogol; IPA:*[nت²ةھkةگثˆlaj vةگثˆsت²ilت²jةھvت²ةھtة• ثˆgogة™lت²]; 31 March*[O.S. 19 March]*1809*– 4 March*[O.S. 21 February]*1852) was a Russian[5][6][7][8][9] dramatist of Ukrainian origin.[6][10][11][12][13]

Although Gogol was considered by his contemporaries one of the preeminent figures of the natural school of Russian literary realism, later critics have found in his work a fundamentally romantic sensibility, with strains of surrealism and the grotesque ("The Nose", "Viy", "The Overcoat," "Nevsky Prospekt"). His early works, such as Evenings on a Farm Near Dikanka, were influenced by his Ukrainian upbringing, Ukrainian culture and folklore.[14][15] His later writing satirised political corruption in the Russian Empire (The Government Inspector, Dead Souls). The novel Taras Bulba (1835) and the play Marriage (1842), along with the short stories "Diary of a Madman", "The Tale of How Ivan Ivanovich Quarreled with Ivan Nikiforovich", "The Portrait" and "The Carriage", round out the tally of his best-known works.

Early life

Gogol was born in the Ukrainian Cossack village of Sorochyntsi,[6] in Poltava Governorate of the Russian Empire, present-day Ukraine. His mother descended from Leonty Kosyarovsky, an officer of the Lubny Regiment in 1710. His father Vasily Gogol-Yanovsky, a descendant of Ukrainian Cossacks (see Lyzohub family) and who died when Gogol was 15 years old, belonged to the 'petty gentry', wrote poetry in Ukrainian and Russian, and was an amateur Ukrainian-language playwright. As was typical of the left-bank Ukrainian gentry of the early nineteenth century, the family spoke Ukrainian as well as Russian. As a child, Gogol helped stage Ukrainian-language plays in his uncle's home theater.[16]