Dame Beryl Margaret Bainbridge, DBE (21 November 1932 – 2 July 2010 was an English author from Liverpool.
روائية انجليزية ولدت عام 1932
She was primarily known for her psychological novels, often set amongst the English working classes.
عرفت برواياتها التي تعالج مواضيع نفسية
Bainbridge won the Whitbread Awards prize for best novel in 1977 and 1996; she was nominated five times for the Booker Prize. She was described in 2007 as "a national treasure". In 2008, The Times newspaper named Bainbridge among their list of "The 50 greatest British writers since 1945".
Biography
Beryl Bainbridge was born in Liverpool and raised in nearby Formby. Her parents were Richard Bainbridge and Winifred Baines. Although she gave her date of birth in Who's Who and elsewhere as 21 November 1934, she was born in 1932 and her birth was registered in the first quarter of 1933. When German former prisoner of war Harry Arno Franz wrote to her in November 1947, he mentioned her 15th birthday.
قالت ان عيد ميلادها في 21/11/1934 لكن من المعروف انها ولدت عام 1932 وتاريخ ميلادها سجل في الربع الاول من العام 1933
She enjoyed writing, and by the age of 10 she was keeping a diary. She had elocution lessons and, when she was 11, appeared on the Northern Children's Hour radio show, alongside Billie Whitelaw and Judith Chalmers. Bainbridge was expelled from Merchant Taylors' Girls' School (Crosby) because she was caught with a "dirty rhyme" (as she later described it), written by someone else, in her gymslip pocket
طردت من المدرسة
She then went on to study at Cone-Ripman School, Tring, Hertfordshire (now:Tring Park School for the Performing Arts, where she found she was good at history, English and art. The summer she left school, she fell in love with a former German POW who was waiting to be repatriated. For the next six years, the couple corresponded and tried to get permission for the German man to return to Britain so that they could be married. But permission was denied and the relationship ended in 1953.
وقع في غرام محارب الماني وظلت تكتب له لمدة ستة سنوات وهي تحاول ادخاله الى بريطانيا للزواج لكن كل محاولاتها فشلت وانتهت العلاقة عام 1943
In the following year (1954), Beryl married artist Austin Davies. The two divorced soon after, leaving Bainbridge a single mother of two children.
تزوجت في العام 1954 من فنان اسمه اوسن ديفس وتركها مع طفلين
She later had a third child by Alan Sharp, the actress Rudi Davies.
انجبت لاحقا طفل ثالث من الن شارب
In 1958, she attempted suicide by putting her head in a gas oven.
عام 1958 حاولت الانتحار بوبضع رأسها في فرن غاز
Bainbridge spent her early years working as an actress, and she appeared in one 1961 episode of the soap opera Coronation Street playing an anti-nuclear protester.
To help fill her time, Bainbridge began to write, primarily based on incidents from her childhood.
لاشغال نفسها في اوقات الفراغ بدات تكتب خاصة عن مواضيع مرت بها في طفولتها
Her first novel, Harriet Said..., was rejected by several publishers, one of whom found the central characters "repulsive almost beyond belief".
رفض الناشرون طباعة روايتها الاولى لانهم وجدوا البطلة بغيضه بشكل لا يطاق
It was eventually published in 1972, four years after her third novel (Another Part of the Wood). Her second and third novels were published (1967/68) and were received well by critics although they failed to earn much money. Seven more novels were written and published during the 1970s, of which the fifth, Injury Time, was awarded the Whitbread prize for best novel in 1977.
In the late 1970s, she wrote a screenplay based on her novel Sweet William. The movie Sweet William, starring Sam Waterston, was released in 1979.
From 1980 onwards, eight more novels appeared. The 1989 novel, An Awfully Big Adventure was adapted into a film in 1995 starring Alan Rickman and Hugh Grant.
In the 1990s, Bainbridge turned to historical fiction. These novels continued to be popular with critics, but this time, were also commercially successful. Among her historical fiction novels are Every Man for Himself, about the 1912 Titanic disaster, for which Bainbridge won the 1996 Whitbread Awards prize for best novel, and Master Georgie, set during the Crimean War, for which she won the 1998 James Tait Black Memorial Prize for fiction. Her final novel, According to Queeney, is a fictionalized account of the last years of the life of Samuel Johnson as seen through the eyes of Queeney Thrale, eldest daughter of Henry and Hester Thrale; it received wide acclaim.[
From the 1990s, Bainbridge also served as a theatre critic for the monthly magazine The Oldie. Her reviews rarely contained negative content, and were usually published after the play had closed.[8]

In 2003, Bainbridge's grandson Charlie Russell began filming a documentary, Beryl's Last Year, about her life. The documentary detailed her upbringing and her attempts to write a novel, Dear Brutus (which later became The Girl in the Polka Dot Dress); it was broadcast in the United Kingdom on 2 June 2007 on BBC Four.
In 2009, Beryl Bainbridge donated the short story Goodnight Children, Everywhere to Oxfam's Ox-Tales project, four collections of UK stories written by 38 authors. Her story was published in the 'Air' collection. Bainbridge was the patron of the People's Book Prize.
Bainbridge was still working on The Girl in the Polka Dot Dress at the time of her death. The novel, which was based on a real-life journey Bainbridge made across America in 1968, is about the mystery girl reputed to have been involved in the assassination of Robert Kennedy. The novel was edited for publication by Brendan King and published in May 2011 by Little, Brown.

Bainbridge died on 2 July 2010, aged 77 (born 21 November 1932), in a London hospital after her cancer recurred.Some reports say 75 years old due to confusion over her birth year.
توفيت عام في مستشفى في لندن2010

· A Weekend with Claude (1967)
· Another Part of the Wood (1968)
· Harriet Said... (1972)
· The Dressmaker (US title The Secret Glass) (1973) – Shortlisted for Booker Prize
· The Bottle Factory Outing (1974) – Shortlisted for Booker Prize, won the Guardian Fiction Prize
· Sweet William (1975)
· A Quiet Life (1976)
· Injury Time (1977)
· Young Adolf (1978)
· Another Part of the Wood (revised edn) (1979)
· Winter Garden (1980)
· A Weekend with Claude (revised edn) (1981)
· Watson's Apology (1984)
· Filthy Lucre (written as a teenager in 1946 but published 1986)
· An Awfully Big Adventure (1989) – Shortlisted for Booker Prize
· The Birthday Boys (1991)
· Every Man for Himself (1996) – Shortlisted for Booker Prize
· Master Georgie (1998) – Shortlisted for Booker Prize
· According to Queeney (2001)
· The Girl in the Polka-dot Dress (2011)

· Mum and Mr Armitage (1985)
· Collected Stories (1994)
· Northern Stories Vol. 5 with David Pownall ISBN-13: 9780946407972 (1994)

· English Journey, or The Road to Milton Keynes (1984)
· Forever England: North and South (1987)
· Something Happened Yesterday (1993)
· Front Row: Evenings at the Theatre (2005)

Having published ten novels in thirteen years, primarily to "tell her story," Beryl Bainbridge has good reason to view her literary career with satisfaction. An unassuming and deferential person, Bainbridge is a spartan writer whose wit, humor, and originality have won her a loyal, ever-growing audience in England and abroad.
Bainbridge initially achieved recognition as a writer of macabre thrillers. More recently, however, her "little" novels have received more serious critical attention for their economical, elegant craft and for their oddly angled, shockingly funny portraits of harried, lower-middle-class people caught in a world that, according to one of them, is "menacing and full of alarms.
تدور رواياتها حول اشخاص من الطبقة الوسطى الدنيا وتعالج مواضيع المخاطر والتهديدات التي تواجه الناس
On 21 November 1933, in Liverpool, England, Beryl Margaret Bainbridge was born to Winifred Baines and Richard Bainbridge. When she was six months old, she moved with her parents and six-year-old brother to a small, semidetached house in Thornby, on the seacoast about twelve miles from Liverpool.
عندما كانت في سن ستة اشهر انتقلت العائلة الى بيت اصغر
In her Who's Who entry Dame Beryl Bainbridge described herself as "actress, writer," a curious order of listing for someone who won so much acclaim as a novelist.
She had been in rep in the late 1950s and early '60s, and appeared as the leftish, ban-the-bomb girlfriend of Ken Barlow in Coronation Street, having started her acting career in the BBC's "Children's Hour" in Manchester, where her co-stars included Billie Whitelaw and Tony Warren, the creator of Coronation Street. She also wrote a good deal of journalism, and was a valued theatre critic for The Oldie. Her good friend Michael Holroyd says, "A really original voice, Beryl was a genuinely serious comic writer, all of whose books end in tragedy."
كاتبه كوميدية تنتهي كتبها جميعها بمآسي
Her novels fall into two distinct categories. Before the 1990s she drew chiefly on what Holroyd calls "her autobiographical capital," novels she herself said were written in order "to make sense of my upbringing... to discover what was going on in my family."
تقول اتنها كتبت روايتها الاولى بناء على تجارب حياتها الشخصية وذلك لفهم الطريقة التي نشأت عليها وللتعرف على الذي كان يعتري العائلة
The subjects were her Liverpool childhood, her time on the stage and her life in the scruffierparts of Camden Town. The emblematic title from this period was her 1974 The Bottle Factory Outing, where a murder happens during the staff outing. It was autobiographical: Dame Beryl had indeed worked on a bottle-labelling line and her mother-in-law, she told Nicholas Wroe in 2002, really "did fire a shotgun at her, blasting holes in the wall."
كانت المواضيع تعالج ما واجهته في طفولتها في لفربول ومشاركاتها على المسرح وحياتها الصعبة في ميدة كامدن واكثر هذه الروايات معالجة لاحداث حياتها هي رائعتها هنا وتقول انها قد تعرضت لاطلاق نار من قبل ام زوجها احدثت الطلاقات
She began to win prizes, culminating in 2003 in the seriously rich biennial David Cohen prize for literature, but never the Booker, for which she was short-listed five times.
Once she'd used up this "capital," she turned to history, writing about Scott of the Antarctic, the Titanic, the Crimean War and Dr Johnson. She wrote eighteen novels; the later ones sold better than the earlier ones, and she began to be financially comfortable. Her acting skills were now used solely on the literary festival circuit, where her readings from her own books were cherished by festival director. She didn't cut herself odd from drama, though, as in the '70s and '80s she wrote half a dozen TV and stage plays.
Beryl Bainbridge was born in 1934 in Liverpool into a family in tense circumstances, owing to the discrepancy between her mother, Winifred Baines, who had been sent to a finishing school in Belgium, and her mercurial, often bad-tempered father, Richard Bainbridge, a self-made man who had left school at the age of 10 and was bankrupt by the time his daughter was born.
ولدت الكاتبة هنا عام 1934 في لفربول لعائلة في وضع صعب بسب التناقض بين الام التي كانت قد ارسلت لتنهي دراستها في بلجيكيا والاب الذي انقطع عن المدرسة في سن العاشرة وكان في الغالب عصبي المزاج وقد تعرض للافلاس في تزامن مع ولادة ابنته
There was, somehow, still a bit of money about, and the family lived in genteel Formby with its collection of golf clubs. Her father, "who did sums on the back of a brown envelope and whose office was the Kardomah Café," had put some of the money in Beryl's name, and she remembered as a child signing cheques. She and her brother Ian were sent to fee-paying schools (hers the Merchant Taylors' School, Liverpool) and when she was expelled, aged 14, from her day-school, for an incident that involved a copied-out rude limerick, she was sent to board at the Cone-Ripman stage school in the Rothschild mansion at Tring.
بعد طردها من المدرسة بسبب حادث اتهمت فيه برسم صورة مخلة للادب ارسلت لمدرسة داخليه وهي في سن الرابعة عشرة
At school she was good at history, English and art (she continued to paint all her life and made a painting to mark each of her books); but she was known as "Basher" Bainbridge, as she got into a lot of fights.
دخلت في عراكات كثيرة
"I wasn't undisciplined," she told Wroe, "but I think I was pretty outspoken and my mother very sensibly realised that I was a show-off. But I had to be, with the circumstances at home – that's how I kept the peace. So because of this she got me into "Children's Hour."
She got involved with a Communist family and joined the Young Communist League, which her left-wing father tolerated until, at a Paul Robeson concert, "I got hit on my shoulder by mistake with a police truncheon." She was a founder member of Charter 88, supported Ken Livingstone for Mayor of London and was a life-long Labour voter, though in 2002 she said, "I do find most politics a bit ridiculous now."
انضمت للحزب الشيوعي وتعرضت لاصابة في كتفها في احد الاحتفالات ثم تحولت لحزب العمل
After a year at Tring she acted in rep in Liverpool (the subject of An Awfully Big Adventure, 1989) and Dundee and was seldom out of work for the next six years. In Dundee she showed that she was a natural actress, didn't need much rehearsal, and began to cultivate her bohemian side, wearing an old Burberry coat. She also became a Catholic. "I tried to be Jewish first" she told Wroe, "but they wouldn't have me."
حاولت ان اتحول الى اليهودية ولكنهم رفضوني
Though influenced by Greene and Waugh, she became disaffected when "the whole church went bananas and you could do what you liked... I wanted hell fire and all that. I occasionally still go to mass and I like the ritual, but I have read so many medical and scientific books that the idea of God in the bright blue sky is now difficult."
Her childhood was decidedly unhappy; her class-conscious mother was discontented with her working-class husband, who was moody, dictatorial, and bad-tempered, and the couple often clashed.
كانت طفولتها غير سعيدة وكانت امها تتعارك مع والدها الذي كان دكتاتوري وشيء الطباع والمزاج
However, she ran away to London the next year.
هربت من المدرسة الداخلية وهي في سن الخامسة عشرة الى لندن
After her divorce from Davies in 1959, Bainbridge held various jobs, including a stint in a wine bottling company, which inspired The Bottle Factory Outing.
بعد طلاقها عام 1959 عملت في مصنع لتعبة الخمر