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Albert Camus (French pronunciation: 7 November 1913 – 4 January 1960) was a French author, journalist, and key philosopher of the 20th century.

كان فيلسوفا واديبا فرنسيا ولد عام 1913

In 1949, Camus founded the Group for International Liaisons within the Revolutionary Union Movement, which was opposed to some tendencies of the Surrealist movement of André Breton.[1]
Camus was awarded the 1957 Nobel Prize for Literature "for his important literary production, which with clear-sighted earnestness illuminates the problems of the human conscience in our times". He was the second-youngest recipient of the Nobel Prize in Literature, after Rudyard Kipling, and the first African-born writer to receive the award. He is the shortest-lived of any Nobel literature laureate to date, having died in an automobile accident just over two years after receiving the award.
حصل على جائزة نوبل عام 1957 ومات بعدها بسنتين في حادث سيارة
Although often cited as a proponent of existentialism, the philosophy with which Camus was associated during his own lifetime, he rejected this particular label. In an interview in 1945, Camus rejected any ideological associations: "No, I am not an existentialist. Sartre and I are always surprised to see our names linked..."
Specifically, his views contributed to the rise of the philosophy known as absurdism. He wrote in his essay "The Rebel" that his whole life was devoted to opposing the philosophy of nihilism while still delving deeply into individual freedom.

ارتبط اسمه بفلسفة العبثية

Early years

Albert Camus was born on 7 November 1913 in Dréan (then known as Mondovi) in French Algeria to a Pied-Noir settler family.
ولد في الجزائر
Pied-Noir was a term used to refer to European colonists of French Algeria until Algerian independence in 1962. His mother was of Spanish descent and was half-deaf.
كان امه اسبانية ونصف صماء
His father Lucien, a poor agricultural worker, died in the Battle of the Marne in 1914 during World War I, while serving as a member of the Zouave infantry regiment.
ابوه لوسين كان عامل زراعي فقير مات في معركة مارني عام 1914 خلال الحرب العاملية الاولى
Camus and his mother lived in poor conditions during his childhood in the Belcourt section of Algiers.
عاش هو امه ظروف فقر شديد في الجزائر
In 1923, the bright boy was accepted into the lycée and eventually he was admitted to the University of Algiers.
درس في جامعة الجزائر
After he contracted tuberculosis (TB) in 1930,
اصيب بمرض السل عام 1930
he had to end his football activities (he had been a goalkeeper for the university team) and reduce his studies to part-time. To earn money, he also took odd jobs: as private tutor, car parts clerk and assistant at the Meteorological Institute. He completed his licence de philosophie (BA) in 1935; in May 1936, he successfully presented his thesis on Plotinus, Néo-Platonisme et Pensée Chrétienne (Neo-Platonism and Christian Thought), for his diplôme d'études supérieures (roughly equivalent to an M.A. thesis).
Camus joined the French Communist Party in the spring of 1935,
انضم الى الحزب الشيوعي الفرنسي عام 1935
seeing it as a way to "fight inequalities between Europeans and 'natives' in Algeria." He did not suggest he was a Marxist or that he had read Das Kapital, but did write that "[w]e might see communism as a springboard and asceticism that prepares the ground for more spiritual activities." In 1936, the independence-minded Algerian Communist Party (PCA) was founded. Camus joined the activities of the Algerian People's Party (Le Parti du Peuple Algérien), which got him into trouble with his Communist party comrades. As a result, in 1937 he was denounced as a Trotskyite and expelled from the party.
اتهم بأنه من اتباع تروتسكي وطرد من الحزب
Camus went on to be associated with the French anarchist movement.
اصبح اسمه مرتبط مع حركة الفوضويين في اوروبا.
In 1934, he married Simone Hie, a morphine addict, but the marriage ended as a consequence of infidelities on both sides.
تزوج من سيمون عام 1934 وكانت مدمنة على المورفيين وقد تطلقا
In 1935, he founded Théâtre du Travail (Worker's Theatre), renamed Théâtre de l'Equipe (Team's Theatre) in 1937. It lasted until 1939. From 1937 to 1939 he wrote for a socialist paper, Alger-Républicain. His work included an account of the peasants who lived in Kabylie in poor conditions, which apparently cost him his job. From 1939 to 1940, he briefly wrote for a similar paper, Soir-Republicain. He was rejected by the French army because of his TB.
In 1940, Camus married Francine Faure, a pianist and mathematician. Although he loved her, he had argued passionately against the institution of marriage, dismissing it as unnatural. Even after Francine gave birth to twins, Catherine and Jean, on 5 September 1945, he continued to joke to friends that he was not cut out for marriage. Camus conducted numerous affairs, particularly an irregular and eventually public affair with the Spanish-born actress Maria Casares. In the same year, Camus began to work for Paris-Soir magazine. In the first stage of World War II, the so-called Phoney War, Camus was a pacifist. In Paris during the Wehrmacht occupation, on 15 December 1941, Camus witnessed the execution of Gabriel Péri; it crystallized his revolt against the Germans. He moved to Bordeaux with the rest of the staff of Paris-Soir. In the same year he finished his first books, The Stranger and The Myth of Sisyphus. He returned briefly to Oran, Algeria in 1942.
After the war, Camus began frequenting the Café de Flore on the Boulevard Saint-Germain in Paris with Sartre and others. He also toured the United States to lecture about French thought.
سافر الى الولايات المتحدة لاعطاء محاضرات عن الفكر الفرنسي
Although he leaned left, politically, his strong criticisms of Communist doctrine did not win him any friends in the Communist parties and eventually alienated Sartre.
In 1949 his TB returned and Camus lived in seclusion for two years.
عام 1949 عاد له مرض السل وعاش منعزلا لمدة عاميين
In 1951 he published The Rebel, a philosophical analysis of rebellion and revolution which expressed his rejection of communism.
عام 1951 نشر كتابه الثائر وهو عبارة عن تحليل فلسفي عن الثورة والتمرد وفيه رفض الشيوعية
Upsetting many of his colleagues and contemporaries in France, the book brought about the final split with Sartre. The dour reception depressed him and he began to translate plays.
اصيب باكتائب بعد رفض الكتاب
In the 1950s Camus devoted his efforts to human rights.
عام 1952 كرس جعده لحقوق الانسان
Camus died on 4 January 1960 at the age of 46 in a car accident near Sens, in Le Grand Fossard in the small town of Villeblevin. In his coat pocket lay an unused train ticket. He had planned to travel by train with his wife and children, but at the last minute he accepted his publisher's proposal to travel with him.
مات عام 1960 وعمره كان 46 عام وكان في جيبه تذكرة قطار لكنه وافق على السفر في سيارة ناشره في آخر لحظة

In The Plague

The plague is an undeniable part of life. As posited in The Plague, it is omnipresent, just like death was always an impeding factor in The Stranger. Albert Camus once again questions the meaning of the moral concepts justifying humanity and human suffering within a religious framework. For Camus, the rationale behind Christian doctrine is useless; as mortal beings, we cannot successfully rationalize the impending and inescapable death sentence forced upon every human. The plague, which befalls Oran, is a concrete and tangible facilitator of death. Ultimately, the plague enables people to understand that their individual suffering is meaningless. As the epidemic "evolves" within the seasons, so do the citizens of Oran, who instead of willfully giving up to a disease they have no control over, decide to fight against their impending death, thus unwillingly creating optimism in the midst of hopelessness. This is where Camus channels his thoughts behind the importance of solidarity: although the plague is still primarily an agent of death, it provides the uncanny opportunity for people to realize that individual suffering is absurd. In the midst of complete suffering, the challenging response adopted by the majority of the citizens of Oran demonstrates an inexplicable humanistic connection between distraught and distant characters. Only by making the choice to fight an irreversible epidemic are people able to create the ever-lacking meaning to a life destined for execution from the moment of its creation.

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- كان فيلسوفا واديبا فرنسيا ولد عام 1913

- حصل على جائزة نوبل عام 1957 ومات بعدها بسنتين في حادث سيارة
- ارتبط اسمه بفلسفة العبثية

- ولد في الجزائر
- كان امه اسبانية ونصف صماء
- ابوه لوسين كان عامل زراعي فقير مات في معركة مارني عام 1914 خلال الحرب العاملية الاولى
- عاش هو امه ظروف فقر شديد في الجزائر
- درس في جامعة الجزائر
- اصيب بمرض السل عام 1930
- انضم الى الحزب الشيوعي الفرنسي عام 1935
- اتهم بأنه من اتباع تروتسكي وطرد من الحزب
- اصبح اسمه مرتبط مع حركة الفوضويين في اوروبا.
- تزوج من سيمون عام 1934 وكانت مدمنة على المورفيين وقد تطلقا
- سافر الى الولايات المتحدة لاعطاء محاضرات عن الفكر الفرنسي
- عام 1949 عاد له مرض السل وعاش منعزلا لمدة عاميين
- عام 1951 نشر كتابه الثائر وهو عبارة عن تحليل فلسفي عن الثورة والتمرد وفيه رفض الشيوعية
- اصيب باكتائب بعد رفض الكتاب
- عام 1952 كرس جعده لحقوق الانسان
- مات عام 1960 وعمره كان 46 عام وكان في جيبه تذكرة قطار لكنه وافق على السفر في سيارة ناشره في آخر لحظة .

لا شك ان ظروف حياة هذا الكاتب كانت في قمة المأساوية وعليه لا غرابة ان نجده عبقريا، عبثيا، ثائرا، قلقا، حائرا، مكتأبا، خائفا من الموتوان نجده قد انجز الكثير رغم انه مات وعمره 46 سنه فقط.

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