الموضوع
:
هل تولد الحياة من رحم الموت؟؟؟ دراسة بحثية
عرض مشاركة واحدة
06-12-2011, 02:51 PM
المشاركة
799
ايوب صابر
مراقب عام سابقا
اوسمتي
مجموع الاوسمة
: 4
تاريخ الإنضمام :
Sep 2009
رقم العضوية :
7857
المشاركات:
12,768
وليم ميلنى
William Milne
(missionary)
William Milne
(1785 – June 2, 1822) was the second
Protestant
missionary
to
China
, after his colleague,
Robert Morrison
[1]
.
Scottish roots
Milne was born near
Huntly
, in the rural parish of Kennethmont in
Aberdeenshire
,
Scotland
.
His father died when he was only six years old, and his mother taught him at home. While he was still very young, he worked on a farm for a period of time before being apprenticed to a carpenter
.
While excelling at carpentry, he also was reported to have distinguished himself by his profanity. But, at the age of sixteen, he was converted to Christianity. In 1804 he was received as a member of the Congregational church at Huntly.
Missionary career
About 1809, he applied to the
London Missionary Society
. After conferring with a group of minsters at Aberdeen, he was sent to
Gosport
, where he studied under
David Bogue
for three years. Ordained as a missionary to China in July, 1812, he proposed
“
to go from house to house, from village to village, from town to town, and from country to country, where access may be gained, in order to preach the Gospel to all who will not turn away their ear from it.
[2]
”
Milne was married soon after his ordination to Rachel Cowie, the daughter of Charles Cowie, Esq. of Aberdeen. They soon departed for China, leaving about August 1812. Due to delays, they didn't arrive in Macau until July 4, 1813. Milne, with his wife and infant son were expelled by the
Roman Catholic
priests there after three days, and he left for
Guangzhou
, where he was able to begin study of the
Chinese language
. His quote regarding the difficulty of an English-speaker acquiring the Chinese tongue has been frequently repeated:
[3]
“
[Learning the Chinese language requires] bodies of iron, lungs of brass, heads of oak, hands of spring steel, eyes of eagles, hearts of apostles, memories of angels, and lives of Methuselah.
”
After six months with
Robert Morrison
as his first and only help that had come to join the work from England, he took Morrison's advice to visit
Java
and the Chinese settlements in the Indonesian archipelago. Milne agreed and traveled south, distributing tracts and books, finally returning to Guangzhou on September 5 to spend the winter of 1813-1814 there.
Milne spent most of his missionary career in the British
Straits Settlements
of
Malacca
, beginning in the Spring of 1815. He set up a printing press and school, continuing to preach the
Gospel
to the local Chinese.
In January 1816, Milne visited
Penang
, and established a printing press there also.
Milnee was also the first Principal of
The Anglo Chinese College
at Malacca. He collaborated more with Morrison to produce the second complete Chinese version of the
Bible
, translating the books of Deuteronomy through Job.
Liang Fa
, converted to Christianity in 1815 and baptized by Milne, became the first Chinese Protestant minister and evangelist. Liang Fa later became renowned as the author of the Christian literature that inspired
Hong Xiuquan
and the
Taiping Rebellion
.
In 1819 he published a tract "The Two Friends", which became the most widely used Chinese Christian tract until the early twentieth century. Milne was remarkably prolific for one who came to literary work so late in life, and twenty-one Chinese works are attributed to him. Several were of substantial length; one was the
Chinese Monthly Magazine
(
察世俗
每月統記傳
Chashisu Meiyue Tongjizhuan), the first Chinese language magazine in the modern sense of the word; that ran from 1815 to 1822 and totaled several hundred pages. In addition, he produced two substantial books and a Malacca periodical
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