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قديم 09-11-2011, 04:46 PM
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الأو Fyodor Mikhaylovich Dostoyevsky (November 11, 1821 – February 9, 1881[2]) was a Russian writer of novels, short stories and essays. He is best known for his novels Crime and Punishment, The Idiot and The Brothers Karamazov.

Dostoyevsky's literary works explored human psychology in the troubled political, social and spiritual context of 19th-century Russian society. Considered by many as a founder or precursor of 20th-century existentialism, Dostoyevsky wrote, with the embittered voice of the anonymous "underground man", Notes from Underground (1864), which was called the "best overture for existentialism ever written" by Walter Kaufmann.[ Dostoyevsky is often acknowledged by critics as one of the greatest and most prominent psychologists in world literature.[
Dostoyevsky was born in Moscow, the second of seven children born to Mikhail and Maria Dostoyevsky.
ولد في موسكو وكان الثاني من بين 7 اطفال
Dostoyevsky's father Mikhail was a doctor and a devout Christian, who practiced at the Mariinsky Hospital for the Poor in Moscow. The family lived in a small apartment in the hospital grounds, and it wasn't until he was 16 years old, that Dostoyevsky moved to St Petersburg to attend a Military Engineering Institute.
كان والده يعمل طبيب وكانوا يسكنون في المستشفى في حي من الفقراء وظل دوتسوفسكي هناك الى ان بلغ السادسة عشره من عمره حيث ذهب للدراسة في معهد الدراسات الهندسية العسكرية في بطرسبيرج
The hospital was located in one of the city's worst areas; local landmarks included a cemetery for criminals, a lunatic asylum, and an orphanage for abandoned infants.
كان المستشفى الذي كان يعمل فيها ابوه يقع في اسوء مناطق العاصمة بالقرب من مقبرة ومستشفى مجانين وكان والده يحاولان منعه من
This urban landscape made a lasting impression on the young Dostoyevsky, whose interest in and compassion for the poor, oppressed and tormented was apparent in his life and works. Although it was forbidden by his parents, Dostoyevsky liked to wander out to the hospital garden, where the patients sat to catch a glimpse of the sun. The young Dostoyevsky appreciated spending time with these patients and listening to their stories.
There are many stories of Dostoyevsky's father's despotic treatment of his children, but this despotism was tempered by his extreme care for his children and their upbringing. After returning home from work, he would take a nap while his children, ordered to keep absolutely silent, stood by their slumbering father in shifts and swatted the flies that came near his head.
كان والده قاسي في معاملته مع اولاده حيث كان يطلب من الجميع عدم الحديث ويقفون بالدور لابعاد الحشرات عنه بعد عودة من العلم
But the father was also careful to send his children to private schools where they would not be beaten. In the opinion of Joseph Frank, author of a definitive biography of Dostoyevsky, the father figure in The Brothers Karamazov is not based on Dostoyevsky's own father. Letters and personal accounts demonstrate that they did have a fairly loving relationship.
In 1837, shortly after his mother died of tuberculosis, Dostoyevsky and his brother were sent to St Petersburg to attend the Nikolayev Military Engineering Institute, nowadays called the Military Engineering-Technical University
في عام 1837 وبعد موت امه وكان عندها في السادسة عشره ارسل الى معهد التدريب العسكري بصحبة اخاه
Fyodor's father died in 1839.
مات ابوه في عام 1839 وعمره حينئذ 18 عاما
Though it has never been proven, it is believed by some that he was murdered by his own serfs.
هناك من يعتقد بأن اباه قتل
Dostoyevsky suffered from epilepsy and his first seizure occurred when he was nine years old.
,عانى من الصرع وقعت اول نوبه وهو في التاسعة وظل يعاني كنها طوال حياته

Epileptic seizures recurred sporadically throughout his life, and Dostoyevsky's experiences are thought[ to have formed the basis for his description of Prince Myshkin's epilepsy in his novel The Idiot and that of Smerdyakov in The Brothers Karamazov, among others.
Dostoyevsky was incarcerated on 23 April 1849 for being part of the liberal intellectual group the Petrashevsky Circle. TsarNicholas I, after seeing the Revolutions of 1848 in Europe, was harsh on any type of underground organization which he felt could put autocracy in jeopardy. On November 16 of that year, Dostoyevsky, along with other members of the Petrashevsky Circle, was sentenced to death.
في عام 1849 حكم عليه بالموت بتهمة انضمامه لتنظيم يعمل على قلب نظام الحكم
After a mock execution, in which he and other members of the group stood outside in freezing weather waiting to be shot by a firing squad, Dostoyevsky's sentence was commuted to four years of exile with hard labour at a katorga prison camp in Omsk, Siberia. Later, Dostoyevsky described his years of suffering to his brother, as being, "shut up in a coffin." In describing the dilapidated barracks which "should have been torn down years ago", he wrote:
In summer, intolerable closeness; in winter, unendurable cold. All the floors were rotten. Filth on the floors an inch thick; one could slip and fall... We were packed like herrings in a barrel... There was no room to turn around. From dusk to dawn it was impossible not to behave like pigs... Fleas, lice, and black beetles by the bushel...[12]
استبدل الاعدام بالمؤبد مع الاعمال الشاقة في سايبيريا وقد وصف تلك السنوات لاخاه بعد ذلك بأنها كمن يتم حجزه في تابوت
This experience inspired him to write The House of the Dead.
استقى من هذه التجرية روايته والتي اطلق عليها اسم في بيت الموتى
Dostoyevsky was released from prison in 1854,
اطلق سراحه من السجن في عام 1854
and was required to serve in the Siberian Regiment. He spent the following five years as a private (and later lieutenant) in the Regiment's Seventh Line Battalion, stationed at the fortress of Semipalatinsk, now in Kazakhstan. While there, he began a relationship with Maria Dmitrievna Isayeva, the wife of an acquaintance in Siberia. After her husband's death, they married in February 1857.
Death

Dostoyevsky died in St. Petersburg on 9 February [O.S. 28 January] 1881 of a lung hemorrhage associated with emphysema and an epileptic seizure.
His tombstone reads;
==

Fyodor Dostoevsky was born in Moscow, the second son of a staff doctor at the Hospital for the Poor – later Dostoevsky's father acquired an estate and serfs. Dostoevsky was educated at home and at a private school. With his pious mother he made annual pilgrimages to the monastery of the Trinity and Saint Sergei. Shortly after her death in 1837, he was sent to St. Petersburg, where he entered the Academy for Military Engineers. Dostoevsky was commissioned as a 2nd lieutenant in 1842 and next years he graduated as a War Ministry draftsman. He had no interest in military engineering but at the academy he could also study Russian and French literature.
Dostoevsky's father Mikhail Andreevich died in 1839, probably of apoplexy, but there was strong rumors that he was murdered by his own serfs in a quarrel.

فاهم احداث حياته:
-ولد في موسكو وكان الثاني من بين 7 اطفال
- كان والده يعمل طبيب وكانوا يسكنون في المستشفى في حي من الفقراء وظل دوتسوفسكي هناك الى ان بلغ السادسة عشره من عمره حيث ذهب للدراسة في معهد الدراسات الهندسية العسكرية في بطرسبيرج
- كان المستشفى الذي كان يعمل فيها ابوه يقع في اسوء مناطق العاصمة بالقرب من مقبرة ومستشفى مجانين وكان والده يحاولان منعه من
- كان والده قاسي في معاملته مع اولاده حيث كان يطلب من الجميع عدم الحديث ويقفون بالدور لابعاد الحشرات عنه بعد عودة من العلم
- في عام 1837 وبعد موت امه وكان عندها في السادسة عشره ارسل الى معهد التدريب العسكري بصحبة اخاه
- مات ابوه في عام 1839 وعمره حينئذ 18 عاما
- هناك من يعتقد بأن اباه قتل
- ,عانى من الصرع وقعت اول نوبه وهو في التاسعة وظل يعاني كنها طوال حياته
- في عام 1849 حكم عليه بالموت بتهمة انضمامه لتنظيم يعمل على قلب نظام الحكم
- استبدل الاعدام بالمؤبد مع الاعمال الشاقة في سايبيريا وقد وصف تلك السنوات لاخاه بعد ذلك بأنها كمن يتم حجزه في تابوت
- استقى من هذه التجرية روايته والتي اطلق عليها اسم في بيت الموتى
- اطلق سراحه من السجن في عام 1854
==

يتم الام في سن الـ 16 ويتم الاب في سن الـ 18