الموضوع
:
هل تولد الحياة من رحم الموت؟؟؟ دراسة بحثية
عرض مشاركة واحدة
06-14-2011, 10:03 PM
المشاركة
841
ايوب صابر
مراقب عام سابقا
اوسمتي
مجموع الاوسمة
: 4
تاريخ الإنضمام :
Sep 2009
رقم العضوية :
7857
المشاركات:
12,766
جورج مريدث
يتمه: فقد الام وعمره 14 سنه.
مجاله: روائي انجليزي.
George Meredith,
OM
(12 February 1828 – 18 May 1909) was an English novelist and poet during the
Victorian
era.
Meredith was born in
Portsmouth
, England, a son and grandson of naval outfitters.
His mother died when he was five. At the age of 14 he was sent to a
Moravian
School in
Neuwied
, Germany, where he remained for two years.
He read law and was articled as a solicitor, but abandoned that profession for journalism and poetry shortly after marrying
Mary Ellen Nicolls
, a widowed daughter of
Thomas Love Peacock
, in 1849: he was twenty-one years old and she was twenty-eight.
He collected his early writings, first published in periodicals, into
Poems
, published to some acclaim in 1851. His wife ran off with the English Pre-Raphaelite painter
Henry Wallis
[1830–1916] in 1858; she died three years later. The collection of "sonnets" entitled
Modern Love
(1862) came of this experience as did
The Ordeal of Richard Feverel
, his first "major novel".
He married
Marie Vulliamy
in 1864 and settled in
Surrey
. He continued writing novels and poetry, often inspired by nature. His writing was characterized by a fascination with imagery and indirect references. He had a keen understanding of comedy and his
Essay on Comedy
(1877) is still quoted in most discussions of the history of comic theory. In
The Egoist
, published in 1879, he applies some of his theories of comedy in one of his most enduring novels. Some of his writings, including
The Egoist
, also highlight the subjection of women during the Victorian period. During most of his career, he had difficulty achieving popular success. His first truly successful novel was
Diana of the Crossways
published in 1885.
Meredith supplemented his often uncertain writer's income with a job as a publisher's reader. His advice to Chapman and Hall made him influential in the world of letters. His friends in the literary world included, at different times, William and
Dante Gabriel Rossetti
,
Algernon Charles Swinburne
,
Leslie Stephen
,
Robert Louis Stevenson
,
George Gissing
and
J. M. Barrie
. His contemporary Sir
Arthur Conan Doyle
paid him homage in the short-story
The Boscombe Valley Mystery
, when
Sherlock Holmes
says to
Dr. Watson
during the discussion of the case, "And now let us talk about George Meredith, if you please, and we shall leave all minor matters until to-morrow."
Oscar Wilde
, in his dialogue
The Decay of Lying
, implies that Meredith, along with
Balzac
, is his favourite novelist, saying "Ah, Meredith! Who can define him? His style is chaos illumined by flashes of lightning".
In 1868 he was introduced to
Thomas Hardy
by
Frederick Chapman
of
Chapman & Hall
the publishers. Hardy had submitted his first novel,
The Poor Man and the Lady
. Meredith advised Hardy not to publish his book as it would be attacked by reviewers and destroy his hopes of becoming a novelist. Meredith felt the book was too bitter a satire on the rich and counselled Hardy to put it aside and write another 'with a purely artistic purpose' and more of a plot. Meredith spoke from experience; his first big novel,
The Ordeal of Richard Feverel
, was judged so shocking that Mudie's circulating library had cancelled an order of 300 copies. Hardy continued to try and publish the novel: however it remained unpublished, though he clearly took Meredith's advice seriously. (ref:
Claire Tomalin
, '
Thomas Hardy The Time Torn Man
' published by Penguin 2007 pp92)
Before his death, Meredith was honoured from many quarters: he succeeded
Lord Tennyson
as president of the
Society of Authors
; in 1905 he was appointed to the
Order of Merit
by
King Edward VII
.
In 1909 he died at his home in
Box Hill, Surrey
.
Works
"Our first novelist"
Meredith as caricatured by
Max Beerbohm
in
Vanity Fair
, September 1896
Essays
Essay on Comedy
(1877)
Novels
The Shaving of Shagpat
(1856)
Farina
(1857)
The Ordeal of Richard Feverel
(1859)
Evan Harrington
(1861)
Emilia in England
(1864), republished as
Sandra Belloni
in 1887
Rhoda Fleming
(1865)
Vittoria
(1867)
The Adventures of Harry Richmond
(1871)
Beauchamp's Career
(1875)
The House on the Beach
(1877)
The Case of General Ople and Lady Camper
(1877)
The Tale of Chloe
(1879)
The Egoist
(1879)
The Tragic Comedians
(1880)
Diana of the Crossways
(1885)
One of our Conquerors
(1891)
Lord Ormont and his Aminta
(1894)
The Amazing Marriage
(1895)
Celt and Saxon
(1910)
Poetry
Poems
(1851)
Modern Love
(1862)
Poems and Lyrics of the Joy of Earth
(1883)
The Woods of Westermain
(1883)
A Faith on Trial
(1885)
Ballads and Poems of Tragic Life
(1887)
A Reading of Earth
(1888)
The Empty Purse
(1892)
Odes in Contribution to the Song of French History
(1898)
A Reading of Life
(1901)
Last Poems
(1909)
Lucifer in Starlight
رد مع الإقتباس