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Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky

was born in Moscow in 1982. He has written many works of fiction including Crime and Punishment, The Idiot and The Brothers Karamazov. He died in St. Petersburg on 9th February 1881. Natasha Randall has worked as a translator from the Russian for many years in New York, Moscow and St. Petersburg. She has translated a number of the Russian greats including Mikhail Lermontov. Her writing has appeared in A Public Space, the Los Angeles Times Book Review, The Moscow Times, BookForum, The New York Times, HALI magazine, The Strad magazine, The St. Petersburg Times (FL), and on National Public Radio. She also wrote a column on books and publishing for Publishing News (UK) from 2002 to 2007. She writes articles on the topics of literature, Islamic art, Russian culture and music.

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Dostoyevsky was raised in the family home on the grounds of the Mariinsky Hospital. The family usually spent the summers in their estate in Darovoye when he was a child. At the age of three, Fyodor was introduced to heroic sagas, fairy tales and legends and – influenced by his nannies – developed a deeply ingrained religious piety. His nanny, Alina Frolovna, and a family friend, the serf and farmer Marei from Darovoye, were influential figures in his childhood; Marei helped him deal with his hallucinations, possibly caused by his reading of Gothic literature, a genre that enthralled him. After discovering the hospital garden, which was separated by a large fence from the house private garden, Dostoyevsky would often talk with the patients, even though his parents forbade it. He once encountered a nine-year-old girl who had been raped, an event that traumatised him. Since Dostoyevsky's parents valued education, his mother taught him to read and write, using the Bible, when he was four. He always looked forward to his parents' nightly readings. They introduced him to Russian and world literature at an early age, including national writers Karamzin, Pushkin and Derzhavin; gothic literature, such as Ann Radcliffe; Romantic works of Friedrich Schiller and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe; heroic tales by Cervantes and Walter Scott; and Homer's epics.[6][7]
- In 1833, Dostoyevsky's father sent him to a boarding school which taught in French, and, one year later, to the best private boarding school in Moscow, the "College for Noble Male Children". To pay off his school fees, his father had to take out loans and extend his private medical practice. Dostoyevsky felt out of place amongst his aristocratic classmates at the Moscow school, an experience later reflected in some of his works, notably The Adolescent. A school day, which usually began at six o'clock in the morning and ended nine at night, offered a diverse number of subjects, including Greek, German, English, French, Bible, history, logic, rhetoric, arithmetic, geometry, history, physics, fiction, drawing and dance.
- On 27 September 1837 Dostoyevsky's mother died of tuberculosis.
- He contracted a serious throat disease soon after, giving him a brittle voice throughout his life.
- The previous May his parents had sent Fyodor and his brother Mikhail to St Petersburg to attend the Nikolayev Military Engineering Institute, forcing the brothers to abandon their academic studies at the Moscow college for a military career.[note] On the way to St Petersburg, Dostoyevsky witnessed a violent incident in a post house: a member of the military police beat a carter, who subsequently took out his anger on his horse, whipping it.
- He referred to this incident in his serial A Writer's Diary. Dostoyevsky entered the academy in 1838, but only with the help of family members, who – unknown to him – had paid the tuition fees. Mikhail was refused admission on account of his poor health, which was the reason why Mikhail was sent to the Academy in Reval, Estonia; he was separated from his brother.]
Dostoyevsky did not enjoy the academy, primarily because of his lack of interest in science, mathematics and military engineering and his preference for drawing and architecture. As his friend Konstantin Trutovsky once said, "There was no student in the entire institution with less of a military bearing than F. M. Dostoyevsky. He moved clumsily and jerkily; his uniform hung awkwardly on him; and his knapsack, shako and rifle all looked like some sort of fetter he had been forced to wear for a time and which lay heavily on him."[11] Among his 120 classmates, who were mainly of Polish or Baltic-German descent, Dostoyevsky's character and interests made him an outsider: in contrast with many of his class fellows, he was brave and had a strong sense of justice, protected newcomers, aligned himself with teachers, criticised corruption among officers and helped poor farmers. Although he was a loner and lived in his own literary world, his classmates respected him. His reclusive way of life and his interest in religion earned him the nickname "Monk Photius".[
- Dostoyevsky's first seizure may have occurred after learning of the death of his father on 16 June 1839, although reports of this originated from accounts (now considered unreliable) written by his daughter, which were later expanded by Sigmund Freud. The father's official cause of death was an apoplectic stroke, although a neighbour accused the father's serfs of murder. Had the serfs been found guilty and sent to Siberia, the neighbour, Pavel Khotiaintsev, would have been in a position to buy the vacated land. The serfs were found innocent in a criminal trial in Tula, but Dostoyevski's brother Andrei perpetuated the story.[15] After his father's death, Dostoyevsky continued with his studies, passed his exams and obtained the rank of engineer cadet, which gave him the right to live away from the academy. After a short visit to his brother Mikhail in Reval, Fyodor frequently went to concerts, operas, plays and ballets. It was during this time that two of his friends initiated him into gambling.[16][13]
In August 1843 he took a job as a military draftsman (a job he found "as boring as potatoes"),[17] and lived with Adolph Totleben in an apartment owned by the German-Baltic Dr A. Riesenkampf, a friend of his brother Mikhail.[note] As he had done when he was a child, Dostoyevsky continued to show concern for the poor and the sick. He earned some badly-needed money by translating works of literature into Russian,[18] He graduated from the academy on 19 October 1844 as a lieutenant. Already in financial trouble, Dostoyevsky decided to write his own novel.[

- In 1833, Dostoyevsky's father sent him to a boarding school which taught in French, and, one year later, to the best private boarding school in Moscow, the "College for Noble Male Children". To pay off his school fees, his father had to take out loans and extend his private medical practice. Dostoyevsky felt out of place amongst his aristocratic classmates at the Moscow school, an experience later reflected in some of his works, notably The Adolescent. A school day, which usually began at six o'clock in the morning and ended nine at night, offered a diverse number of subjects, including Greek, German, English, French, Bible, history, logic, rhetoric, arithmetic, geometry, history, physics, fiction, drawing and dance.
- On 27 September 1837 Dostoyevsky's mother died of tuberculosis.
- He contracted a serious throat disease soon after, giving him a brittle voice throughout his life.

- Dostoyevsky's first seizure may have occurred after learning of the death of his father on 16 June 1839.

- مدرسة داخلية.
- مرض في الحلق ترك تشوها في الصوت.
- يتيم الأم في سن 16
- يتيم الأب في سن 18 .
- بدأ يصاب بنوبات صرع بعد معرفته بموت والده.

لطيم.

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