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ادلفي كلمنت بيارد

Adolphe Clément-Bayard
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Gustave Adolphe Clément-Bayard, (Gustave Adolphe Clément, Gustavus Adolphus Clément, Gustavus Adolphus Clément-Bayard), (22 September 1855 - 1928) was a French entrepreneur. An orphan who became a blacksmith and a Compagnon du Tour de France, he went on to manufacture bicycles, pneumatic tyres, motorcycles, automobiles, aeroplanes and airships.
In 1894 he was a passenger in the winning vehicle in the world's first motor race. George Lemaitre's Peugot was judged to be the winner of the Paris-Rouen Competition for Horeseless Carriages (Concours des Voitures sans Chevaux).[6][7]
He changed his name to Clément-Bayard five years after the successful launch of the Clément-Bayard automobile brand. It honoured the ChevalierPierre Terrail, seigneur de Bayard who saved the town of Mézières from an Imperial army during the Siege of Mézières in 1521.[2][8]
Clément-Bayard was appointed a Commander of the Légion d'honneur in 1912.


Personal life
Early life
Adolphe Clément, the son of a grocer, was born at rue du Bourg, Pierrefonds, Oise. He was the second of five children of Leopold Adolphus Clement and Julie Alexandrine Rousselle.

His mother died when he was seven years old and although his father remarried he also died 2 years later when Adolphe was nine years old. For the next seven years he was raised by his stepmother who had remarried a school teacher.

Adolphe studied at the primary school in Pierrefonds and then at the College of Villers-Cotterêts. He worked in the family business by delivering groceries, and at 13 chose to be apprenticed to a farrier/blacksmith.
During the winter of 1871-1872, the 16 year old Adolphe left Pierrefonds to travel around France as a Compagnon du Tour de France, an organization of craftsmen and artisans dating from the Middle Ages. He had saved 30 francs (circa 100 Euros in 2006) by doing multiple jobs for three years. He subsisted in each city by working in forges owned by the Compagnons du Tour de France, shoeing horses, repairing metal and doing any kind of work. He reached Paris in 1872 followed by Orléans and Tours where he encountered 'Truffault cycles'. This led him to acquire 2 wooden cart wheels and build an iron bicycle frame.
Cycle racing had begun in 1869 (Paris–Rouen), so in 1873 Truffaut lent the 18 year old Clement an iron bicycle with solid rubber tires to race in Angers. He finished 6th and was exhilarated to read his name in the newspapers.

Motorised cycle manufacture
Clément and Gladiator
From 1895 Clément cycles started to focus on motorized vehicles. In 1895 it introduced its first internal combustion, a naphtha powered tricycle.[6] In 1902 they offered a motorized bicycle with a 142 cc engine that had an automatic inlet valve, an overhead exhaust valve and an external flywheel. The combined oil and petrol tank was behind the saddle and the batteries were stored in a leather case strapped to the horizontal frame tube. This 'motorisation adaptation' was sold on both Clément and Gladiator cycles.[5]
Clément-Garrard
In Britain these popular motorised cycles were known as Clément-Garrards.[5]
Tyre manufacture
In 1889 Clément saw a Dunloppneumatic tyre in London and acquired the French manufacturing rights for 50,000 francs. This success lead to his millionaire status.[5] The company he formed with a capital of 700,000 francs paid 100 per cent dividend in its first year of operation