جيمس أوغسطين ألويسيوس جويس

(2 فبراير1882 في دبلن، أيرلندا - 13 يناير1941 في زيوريخ، سويسرا) كاتب وشاعر أيرلندي من القرن 20، من أشهر أعماله "عوليس"، و"صورة الفنان كشاب" (A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man)، و"أليسز" (Ulysses)، و"استيقاظ فينغانز" (Finnegans Wake).
تلقى جيمس جويس تعليمه في مدرسة مسيحية، ثم التحق كلية دبلين الجامعية، وقرر أن يصبح أديباً. في عام 1902 انتقل إلى باريس، فرنسا.
كانت حياته صعبة، ومليئة بالمشاكل الاقتصادية،
كما كان مصاباً بأمراض عين مزمنة قادت أحياناً للعمى،
بالإضافة إلى إصابة ابنته بمرض عقلي.
مع العون المالي المقدم من أصحابه، أمضى سبع سنين في كتابة "أليسز" (1922) المثير للجدل، الذي منع في البداية في الولايات المتحدةوبريطانيا. اليوم يعتبر ذلك الكتاب من أعظم كتب اللغة الإنجليزية في القرن العشرين. وأمضى 17 عاماً في كتابة عمله الأخير، "استيقاظ فينغانز" (1939).

James Augustine Aloysius Joyce (2 February 1882 – 13 January 1941) was an Irish novelist and poet, considered to be one of the most influential writers in the modernist avant-garde of the early 20th century.
جميس جويس كاتب ايرلندي ولد عام 1882 وكان من اكثر الكتاب تأثيرا في مطلع القرن العشرين
Joyce is best known for Ulysses (1922), a landmark novel which perfected his stream of consciousness technique and combined nearly every literary device available in a modern re-telling of The Odyssey.
Other major works are the short-story collection Dubliners (1914), and the novels A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man (1916) and Finnegans Wake (1939). His complete oeuvre includes three books of poetry, a play, occasional journalism, and his published letters.
Irish novelist, noted for his experimental use of language in such works as ULYSSES (1922) and FINNEGANS WAKE (1939).
During his career Joyce suffered from rejections from publishers, suppression by censors, attacks by critics, and misunderstanding by readers.
عانى الكثير خلال رحلته مع الادب من الرفض من قبل الناشرين والملاحقة من قبل الرقابة والهجوم من قبل النقاد وسوء الفهم من قبل القراء
From 1902 Joyce led a nomadic life, which perhaps reflected in his interest in the character of Odysseus.
كان يعيش حياة بوهيمية بدوية وظل هائما على وجهه
Although he spent long times in Paris, Trieste, Rome, and Zürich, with only occasional brief visit to Ireland, his native country remained basic to all his writings.
سافر كثيرا على باريس وروما وزيورخ وقلما عاد الى ايرلندا في زيارات خاطفه لكنه جعل منم بلاده مسرحا لرواياته
"But when the restraining influence of the school was at a distance I began to hunger again for wild sensations, for the escape which those chronicles of disorder alone seemed to offer me. The mimic warfare of the evening became at last as wearisome to me as the routine of school in the morning because I wanted real adventures to happen to myself. But real adventures, I reflected, do not happen to people who remain at home: they must be sought abroad." (from Dubliners)
في هذه المقطوعة يقول بأن المغامرة لا يمكن الحصول عليها وانت في المنزل ولا بد من الحصول عليها في الخارج
James Joyce was born in Dublin. His father, John Stanislaus Joyce, was an impoverished gentleman, who had failed in a distillery business and tried all kinds of professions, including politics and tax collecting.
والده كان رجلا فقيرا وقد فشل في كل عمل قام به تقريبا بما في ذلك مصنع للتقطير
Joyce's mother, Mary Jane Murray, was ten years younger than her husband. She was an accomplished pianist, whose life was dominated by the Roman Catholic Church and her husband. In spite of the poverty, the family struggled to maintain solid middle-class facade.
والدته كانت مثقفة ولديها وعازفت بيانو وقد حاولت العائلة وعلى الرغم من الفقر الحفاظ على مستواها الاجتماعي كواحدة من العائلات المنتمية للطبقة الوسطى
From the age of six Joyce, was educated by Jesuits at Clongowes Wood College, at Clane, and then at Belvedere College in Dublin (1893-97).
تعلم جويس في مدارس منذ سن السادسه من عام 1893 وحتى عام 1897
Later the author thanked Jesuits for teaching him to think straight, although he rejected their religious instructions. At school he once broke his glasses and was unable to do his lessons. This episode was recounted in A PORTRAIT OF THE ARTIST AS A YOUNG MAN (1916).
في احد المرات كرس جويس نظاراته ولم يكن قادر على متابعة دروسه وقد روى عن هذا الحادث في احدى رواياته " صورة الفنان وهو صغير".
In 1898 he entered the University College, Dublin, where he found his early inspirations from the works of Henrik Ibsen, St.Thomas Aquinas and W.B. Yeats. Joyce's first publication was an essay on Ibsen's play When We Dead Awaken.
كانت اولى كتاباته عن مسرحية ابسن بعنوان عندما نحن الاموات افقنا
It appeared in Fortnightly Review in 1900. At this time he began writing lyric poems.
After graduation in 1902 the twenty-year-old Joyce went to Paris, where he worked as a journalist, teacher and in other occupations in difficult financial conditions.
بعد تخرجه في سن الثانية والعشرين سافر جويس الى فرنسا حيث عمل كصحفي ومدرس ومهن اخرى في ظل وضع مالي سيء.
He spent in France a year, returning when a telegram arrived saying his mother was dying. Not long after her death, Joyce was traveling again.
قضى عام واحد في فرنسا وعاد عندما وصلته برقية تقول بأن امه تموت وما ان ناتت فعلا حتى عاد جويس للسفر من جديد.
He left Dublin in 1904 with Nora Barnacle, a chambermaid (they married in 1931), staying in Pola, Austria-Hungary, and in Trieste, which was the world’s seventh busiest port. Joyce gave English lessons and talked about setting up an agency to sell Irish tweed. Refused a post teaching Italian literature in Dublin, he continued to live abroad.
ظل يعمل في مجال تدريس اللغة الانجليزية في الخارج وتزوج من عاملة تنظيف عام 1931
The Trieste years were nomadic, poverty-stricken, and productive.
عاش في ترستي الايطالية على البحر الادرياتكي حياة بوهيمية وعانى من الفقر الشديد
In 1909 Joyce opened a cinema in Dublin, but this affair failed and he was soon back in Trieste, still broke and working as a teacher, tweed salesman, journalist and lecturer. In 1912 he was in Ireland, trying to persuade Maunsel & Co to fulfill their contract to publish Dubliners. The work contained a series of short stories, dealing with the lives of ordinary people, youth, adolescence, young adulthood, and maturity. The last story, 'The Dead', was adapted into screen by John Huston in 1987.
عام 1909 زار دبلن محاولا نشر مجموعته القصصيه والتي كان آخر قصة فيها بعنوان الاموات والتي تحولت الى فلم سينمائي
From 1917 to 1930 Joyce endured several eye operations, being totally blind for short intervals. (According to tradition, Homer was also blind.)
اجرى جويس من عام 1917 وحتى عام 1930 عدة عمليات لعينيه وكانت تمر عليه اوقات كان فيها اعمى
Joyce's daughter Lucia, born in Trieste in 1907, became Carl Jung's patient in 1934.
اصيبت ابنة جويس والتي ولدت عام 1907 بالجنون وعالجها الطبيب النفسي كارل يونج في عام 1934
James Augustine Aloysius Joyce was born on 2 February 1882 to John Stanislaus Joyce ( John Stanislaus Joyce (4 July 1849 – 29 December 1931) was the father of writer James Joyce, and a well known Dublin man about town).
مات والد جويس عام 1931
and Mary Jane Murray in the Dublin suburb of Rathgar. He was the eldest of ten surviving children; two of his siblings died of typhoid.
كان اكبر اخوته العشرة و مات اثنان من اخوته بسبب التيفوئيد
In 1891, Joyce wrote a poem, Et Tu Healy on the death of Charles Stewart Parnell. His father was angry at the treatment of Parnell by the Catholic church and at the resulting failure to secure Home Rule for Ireland.
كتب جويس قصيدة عام 1891 ( وعمره حينها كان 10 سنوات) عن موت تشارلز ستيوارت بارنيل وهو قائد سياسي ايرلندي مرموق

The elder Joyce had the poem printed and even sent a part to the Vatican Library. In November of that same year, John Joyce was entered in Stubbs Gazette (an official register of bankruptcies) and suspended from work. In 1893, John Joyce was dismissed with a pension, beginning the family's slide into poverty caused mainly by John's drinking and general financial mismanagement.
اعلن والده عام 1893 ووحينما كان جويس في سن الحادية عشره افلاسه وذلك بسبب ادمانه على الخمر وبسبب سوء الادارة المالية

- كانت حياته صعبة، ومليئة بالمشاكل الاقتصادية،
- كما كان مصاباً بأمراض عين مزمنة قادت أحياناً للعمى،
- بالإضافة إلى إصابة ابنته بمرض عقلي.