جي. إم. كويتزي

John Maxwell Coetzee (born 9 February 1940) is an author and academic from South Africa. He is now an Australian citizen and lives in Adelaide, South Australia.
ولد كويتزي عاك 194- مؤلف واستاذ جامعي من جنوب افريقا وهو الان استرالي الجنسية يعيش في جنوب استراليا

A novelist and literary critic as well as a translator, Coetzee has won the Booker Prize twice and was awarded the 2003 Nobel Prize in Literature.
South-African novelist, critic, and translator, who was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2003.
فاز بجائزة نوبل عام 2003
The violent history and politics of his native country, especially apartheid, has provided Coetzee much raw material for his work, but none of his books have been censored by the authorities.
التاريخ العنيف لبلادة وخاصة التمييز العنصري وفر له مادة خصبة للكتابة ورغم ذلك لم يتم منع اي من كتبه
Often he has examined the effects of oppression within frameworks derived from postmodernist thought. Coetzee's reflective, unaffected and precise style cannot be characterized as experimental, but in his novels he has methodically broken the conventions of narration.
"He continues to teach because it provides him with a livelihood; also because it teaches him humility, brings it home to him who he is in the world. The irony does not escape him: that the one who comes to teach learns the keenest of lessons, while those who come to learn learn nothing." (from Disgrace, 1999)
John Maxwell Coetzee, a descendant from 17th-century Dutch settlers, was born in Cape Town. His father was a lawyer and his mother a schoolteacher.
كان والده محاميا وامه مدرسة
In his memoir, Boyhood (1997), Coetzee portrayed himself as a sickly, bookish boys, who adored his freedom-loving mother: "I will not be a prisoner in this house, she says. I will be free."
في مذكراه والت يصدرت عام 1997 كتب كويتزي انه كان طفلا يمرض كثيرا وانه كان يحب الدته المحبة للحرية
At home Cotzee spoke English and with other relatives Afrikaans – his parents wanted to be English. Coetzee studied both mathematics and literature at the University of Cape Town.
درس الرياضيات والادب في جامعة كيبتاون
After graduating, he moved to England, where he worked as an applications programmer (1962-63) in London.
سافر الى لندن بعد تخرجه وعمل في برمجة الطلبات من العام 1962-63
His evening Coetzee spent in the British Museum, "reading Ford Madox Ford, and the rest of the time tramping the cold streets of London seeking the meaning of life," as he later said.
خلال المدة التي قضاها في لندن كان يقرأ فورد مادوكس ويجوب شوارع لندن يحال فهم معنى الحياة
From London he moved to Bracknell, Berkshire, where he worked as a systems programmer for a computer company.
In 1969 Coetzee received his Ph.D. from the University of Texas with a dissertation on Beckett.
في العام 1969 حصل على الدكتوراه من جامعة تكساس حيث كتب رسالتة للدكتواره عن الكاتب الامريكي بكيت
From 1968 to 1971 he taught at the State University of New York at Buffalo.
من عام 1968 وحتى عام 1971 عمل في التدريس في جامعة بافول في نيويورك
While in Buffalo, Coetzee started to Write his first book, Dusklands (1974), which consists of two closely related novellas, one about America and Vietnam, the other, 'The Narrative of Jacobus Coetzee', set in the 1760s.
خلال عمله في بافولو بدأ كتابة روايته الاولى والتي طبعت عام 1974
In 1972 he became a lecturer at the University of Cape Town, at that time an institution for whites, and was later appointed professor of literature.
عام 1972 بدأ العمل كمدرس في جامعة كيبتاون في جنوب افريقيا
From 2002 Coetzee has lived in Australia with his partner, Professor Dorothy Driver. In an interview he said, that "leaving a country is, in some respects, like the break-up of a marriage. It is an intimate matter."
من عام 2002 سافر الى استراليا ليعيش هناك وقد وصف مغادرة مكان مولده بقوله " ان مغادرة البلد الذي يولد فيه الانسان مثل الطلاق فهو مؤثر جدا
Coetzee's works cannot be classified as belonging to any specific postmodernist intellectual current. His essays reveal interest in linguistics, generative grammar, stylistics, structuralism, semiotics, and deconstruction. The dilemmas of his novels are based on South African reality, but often presented in a timeless, metafictional form and carrying a plurality of meanings. In the Heart of the Country (1977), in which the central character is a rebellious, sexually deprived daughter of a sheepfarmer, Coetzee examined the conventions of the South African plaasroman, or farm novel.
The calmly written torture scenes of Waiting for the Barbarians (1980) questioned the voyeuristic nature of fiction. The title of the novel referred to a poem by Constantin Cavafy: "and now, what will become of us without / barbarians? / These people were a kind of solution."
Life and Times of Michael K (1983) won the Booker Prize, but Coetzee did not attend the ceremonies. (In some sources, Coetzee's second name is Michael, or Marie.) The protagonist of the story, set in a future Cape Town and Karoo, is a descendant of Franz Kafka's characters, who never find out the meaning of their suffering, like the victim of the execution machine in the short story 'In der Strafkolonie' (1919). Michael K eventually ends up in a concentration camp. Cynthia Ozick wrote of the book: "Mr. Coetzee's subdued yet urgent lament is for the sadness of South Africa that has made dependents and parasites and prisoners of its own children, black and white."
Foe (1986) played with Defoe's classic novel Robinson Crusoe. In the story a woman, Susan Barton, shares the island with Robinson Cruso and Friday. "I am cast away. I am all alone," she says without getting any sympathy from Cruso, the cruel tyrant of his small empire. After they are rescued, Susan meets Daniel Foe and becomes his muse, whom he forgets. Friday remains mute, his tongue is cut, and he is never allowed to tell his own tale. In The Master of Petersburg (1994) the protagonist is the famous Russian writer, Fyodor Dostoevsky, who tries to understand the death of his stepson, Pavel Alexandrovich Isaev. In his sorrow he takes the role of Orpheus: "He thinks of Orpheus walking backwards step by step, whispering the dead woman's name, coaxing her out of the entrails of hell; of the wife in graveclothes with he blind, dead eyes following him, holding out limp hands before her like a sleepwalker. No flute, no lyre, just the word, the one word, over and over." Coetzee himself has lost his son. He died in a mysterious fall from a high balcony.
Before producing Age of Iron (1990) Coetzee also suffered from a personal tragedy - his ex-wife died of cancer.
قبل كتابة عصر الحديد عام 1990 فقد كويتزي زوجته والتي ماتت بالسرطان
Boyhood: Scenes from Provincial Life (1997) started Coetzee's semi-autobiographical series, which continued in Youth: Scenes from Provincial Life II (2002). Both works are written in the third person. "Boyhood and Youth, after all, aren't an objective record of Coetzee's young life," William Deresiewicz wrote in The New York Times (July 7, 2002), "they are the 50-something Coetzee's reconstruction, seven or eight novels later, of that life." The third volume of the autobiography, Summertime (2009), introduces a fictional character, Vincent, who serves as a biographer of the author – already dead. In Elizabeth Costello: Eight Lessons (2003) Coetzee invented his female alter ego, a famous writer, who travels all over the world and gives speeches and academic lectures. In the United States she discusses and analyzes Kafka's monkey story 'A Report to the Academy' (lesson 1), in England at the fictional Appleton College she drew a parallel between gas chambers and the breeding of animals for slaughter (lesson 3), and in Amsterdam her subject is the problem of evil (lesson 6). As a material Coetzee used his own academic lectures, but at the same time he strips bare Costello's intellectual lifestyle – although her arguments are always fresh and seductive, the result of all her theoretizing is that she starts resemble more and more the copy of Kafka's primate, whose basic predicletions and moral ideas are contrary to the real world. Costello resurfaced in Slow Man (2005), about a misanthropic photographer, who has lost his leg in an accident and who falls in love with a married Croat woman. In this story the protagonist is perhaps a figure imagined by Costello
Early life and education
Coetzee was born in Cape Town, Cape Province, Union of South Africa, on 9 February 1940 to parents of Afrikaner descent.
ولد في كيبتاون لوالدين من اصل من سكان جنوب افريقيا ومن اصل هولندي وكانت لغتهم الافريكان وهي من اللغة الالمانية
His father was an occasional lawyer, government employee and sheep farmer, and his mother a schoolteacher.
كان والده محامي وموظف حكومي وكان لديه مزاع لتربية الاغنام
The family spoke English at home, but Coetzee spoke Afrikaans with other relatives.
كانت العائلة تتكلم الانجليزية في المنزل لكن الروائي كان يتحدث اللغة الاصلية مع السكان من اصول هولندية
The family were descended from early Dutch immigrants dating to the 17th century, although his maternal grand-grandfather - Baltazar Dubiel - was Polish.
Coetzee spent most of his early life in Cape Town and in Worcester in Cape Province (modern-day Western Cape) as recounted in his fictionalized memoir, Boyhood (1997).
قضى معظم طفولتة في مدينة كيبتاون والاقليم المجاور ورستر كما ذكر في مذكراته الصادرة عام 1997
The family moved to Worcester when Coetzee was eight after his father lost his government job due to disagreements over the state's apartheid policy.
انتقلت العائلة الى اقليم ورسستر بعد ان فقد الوالد وظيفته مع الحكومة بسبب الخلاف حول السياسات العنصرية وكان عمر كويتزي حينها 8 اعوام
Coetzee attended St. Joseph's College, a Catholic school in the Cape Town suburb of Rondebosch, and later studied mathematics and English at the University of Cape Town, receiving his Bachelor of Arts with Honours in English in 1960 and his Bachelor of Arts with Honours in Mathematics in 1961.
Coetzee married Philippa Jubber in 1963 and divorced in 1980.
تزوج عام 1963 وطلق زوجته عام 1980
He had a daughter, Gisela (born 1968), and a son, Nicolas (born 1966), from the marriage. Nicolas died in 1989 at the age of 23 in an accident.
انجب طفلة اسمها جسلي عام 1968 وطفل نيكولاس عام 1966 وقد مات نيكولاس عام 1989 وعمره 23 بسبب حادث