الموضوع
:
سر الفوز بجائزة نوبل في الادب على مدى التاريخ؟ دراسة
عرض مشاركة واحدة
10-23-2012, 08:57 AM
المشاركة
64
ايوب صابر
مراقب عام سابقا
اوسمتي
مجموع الاوسمة
: 4
تاريخ الإنضمام :
Sep 2009
رقم العضوية :
7857
المشاركات:
12,766
ميخائيل شولوخوف
(
Михаил Александрович Шолохов
) هو أديب روسي ولد في 24 ماي 1905 لأب مزارع وأم أوكرانية وتوفي في 21 فيفري 1984. حصل شولوخوف على
جائزة نوبل في الأدب
لسنة 1965. و كانت روايته الفائزة بجائزة نوبل هي الدون الهاديء، التي عربها عمر الديراويونشرتهادارالعلمللملايين
Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov (
Russian
:
Михаи́л Алекса́ндрович Шо́лохов
) (
May 24
[
O.S.
May 11] 1905
– February 21, 1984) was a
Soviet
/
Russian
novelist
and winner of the 1965
Nobel Prize in Literature
. An
asteroid
in
main-belt
is named after him,
2448 Sholokhov
.
Life and work
Sholokhov was born in
Russia
, in the "land of the
Cossacks
" - the Kruzhlinin hamlet, part of
stanitsa
Veshenskaya
, in the former Administrative Region of the
Don Cossack
Army.
His father, Aleksander Mikhailovich (1865–1925
), was a member of the lower middle class, at times a farmer, cattle trader, and miller.
Sholokhov's mother, Anastasia Danilovna Chernikova (1871–1942), the widow of a Cossack, came from
Ukrainian
peasant
stock (her father was a peasant in the
Chernihiv oblast
). She did not become literate until a point in her life when she wanted to correspond with her son.
Sholokhov attended schools in
Kargin
,
Moscow
,
Boguchar
, and Veshenskaya until 1918, when he joined the Bolshevik side in the
Russian civil war
at the age of 13. He spent the next few years fighting in the civil war.
Sholokhov began writing at 17. He completed his first literary work, the short story,
The Birthmark
, at 19.
In 1922 Sholokhov moved to Moscow to become a journalist, but he had to support himself through manual labour. He was a
stevedore
,
stonemason
, and
accountant
from 1922 to 1924, but he also intermittently participated in writers' "seminars". His first published work was a satirical article,
The Test
(Oct. 19, 1923).
[1]
In 1924 Sholokhov returned to Veshenskaya and devoted himself entirely to writing. In the same year he married Maria Petrovna Gromoslavskaia, the daughter of Pyotr Gromoslavsky, the
ataman
of the
Bukanovskaya
stanitsa; they had two daughters and two sons.
His first book
Tales from the
Don
, a volume of stories about his native region during World War I and the Russian Civil War, largely based on his personal experiences, was published in 1926. The story "Nakhalyonok", partially based on his own childhood, was later made into a popular film.
In the same year Sholokhov began writing
And Quiet Flows the Don
which earned the
Stalin Prize
and took him fourteen years to complete (1926–1940). It became the most-read work of Soviet fiction and was heralded as a powerful example of
socialist realism
, and it earned him the 1965
Nobel Prize in Literature
. It deals with the experiences of the Cossacks before and during
World War I
and the
Russian Civil War
.
Virgin Soil Upturned
, which earned the
Lenin Prize
, took 28 years to complete. It was composed of two parts:
Seeds of Tomorrow
(1932) and
Harvest on the Don
(1960), and reflects life during collectivization in the Don area.
The short story
The Fate of a Man
(1957) was made into a popular Russian film.
His unfinished novel,
They Fought for Their Country
is about World War II fighting in the USSR (in Russia the Soviet-German war during World War II is commonly referred to as the
Great Patriotic War
).
In the 1930s he wrote several letters to
Joseph Stalin
about the appalling conditions in the
kolkhozes
and
sovkhozes
along the Don, requesting assistance for the farmers.
[2]
During
World War II
Sholokhov wrote about the Soviet war efforts for various journals. He also covered the devastation caused by Nazi troops along the Don. His mother was killed when Veshenskaya was bombed in 1942.
Sholokhov's collected works were published in eight volumes between 1956 and 1960.
يتيم الاب في سن الـ 20.
رد مع الإقتباس