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Vladimir Vladimirovich Nabokov ( 22 April [O.S. 10 April] 1899c – 2 July 1977) was a multilingual Russian novelist and short story writer.
روائي روسي ولد عام 1899 ومات عام 1977 وكان متعدد اللغات
Nabokov wrote his first nine novels in Russian, then rose to international prominence as a master English prose stylist. He also made contributions to entomology and had an interest in chess problems
كتب اول 9 روايات باللغة الروسية تحول ليكتب باللغة الانجليزية
Nabokov's Lolita (1955) is frequently cited as among his most important novels and is his most widely known, exhibiting the love of intricate word play and synesthetic detail that characterised all his works. The novel was ranked at No.4 in the list of the Modern Library 100 Best Novels.[1]Pale Fire (1962) was ranked at No.53 on the same list. His memoir, Speak, Memory, was listed No.8 on the Modern Library nonfiction list.
كتب رائعته لوليتا عام 1955
Nabokov was born on 22 April 1899 (10 April 1899 Old-Style), in Saint Petersburg,b to a wealthy and prominent Saint Petersburg family of the minor nobility.
ولد عام 1899 لعائلة غنية معروفة وكان والده يعمل قاضي
He was the eldest of five children of liberal lawyer, statesman, and journalist Vladimir Dmitrievich Nabokov and his wife, née Elena Ivanovna Rukavishnikova.
كان اكبر الاولاد الخمسة لوالده الذي كان يعمل في الدولة والصحافة وزوجته الينا
His cousins included the composer Nicolas Nabokov. He spent his childhood and youth in St. Petersburg and at the country estate Vyra near Siverskaya, south of the city.
قضى طفولته في سانت بطرسبيرج
Nabokov's childhood, which he called "perfect", was remarkable in several ways.
نعت طفولته بأنها كانت ( مثالية )
The family spoke Russian, English, and French in their household, and Nabokov was trilingual from an early age. In fact, much to his patriotic father's chagrin, Nabokov could read and write English before he could Russian. In Speak, Memory Nabokov recalls numerous details of his privileged childhood, and his ability to recall in vivid detail memories of his past was a boon to him during his permanent exile, as well as providing a theme that echoes from his first book, Mary, all the way to later works such as Ada or Ardor: A Family Chronicle.
كانت طفولته وقود لكتاباته وهو في المنفى
While the family was nominally Orthodox, they felt no religious fervor, and little Vladimir was not forced to attend church after he lost interest. In 1916, Nabokov inherited the estate Rozhdestveno, next to Vyra, from his uncle Vasiliy Ivanovich Rukavishnikov ("Uncle Ruka" in Speak, Memory), but lost it in the revolution one year later; this was the only house he ever owned.
في سن 16 ورث مزرعة عمه القريبة من المزرعة التي تربى فيها لكنه فقدها عند قيام الثورة في عام 1917

After the 1917 February Revolution, Vladimir Dmitrievich Nabokov became a secretary of the Russian Provisional Government, and the family was forced to flee the city after the Bolshevik Revolution for Crimea, not expecting to be away for very long.
غادرت العائلة المدينة عام 1917 بعد قيام الثورة ولم يتوقعوا ان تطول هجرتهم
They lived at a friend's estate and in September 1918 moved to Livadiya; Nabokov's father was a minister of justice of the Crimean provisional government. After the withdrawal of the German Army (November 1918) and the defeat of the White Army in early 1919, the Nabokovs left for exile in western Europe.
في عام 1919 هاجروا الى اوروبا
On 2 April 1919, the family left Sevastopol on the last ship. They settled briefly in England, where Vladimir enrolled in Trinity College, Cambridge and studied Slavic and Romance languages.
التحق فلدمير بكلية اكسفورد بعد ان وصلت العائلة الى انجلترا
He later drew on his Cambridge experiences to write the novel Glory. In 1920, his family moved to Berlin, where his father set up the émigré newspaper Rul' (Rudder).
عام 1920 انتقلت العائلة إلى برلين حيث أسس والده جريده
Nabokov would follow to Berlin after his studies at Cambridge two years later.
التحق نابيكوف بالعائلة بعد ان انجز دراسته في الكلية بعد عامين
In March 1922, Nabokov's father was assassinated in Berlin by Russian monarchist Piotr Shabelsky-Bork as he was trying to shield the real target, Pavel Milyukov, a leader of the Constitutional Democratic Party-in-exile. This mistaken, violent death would echo again and again in Nabokov's fiction, where characters would meet their deaths under mistaken terms.
في عام 1922 تم اغتيال والده والذي كان يدافع عن شخصية روسية قيادية في الحزب الديمقراطي الدستوري وقد كان لذلك الاغيال والموت العنيف بالغ الاثر على فلدمير وانعكس مرات ومرات في كتاباته حيث كان ابطال رواياته يلقون حتفهم لاسباب خطأ
(In Pale Fire, for example, one interpretation of the novel has an assassin mistakenly kill the poet John Shade, when his actual target is a fugitive European monarch.) Shortly after his father's death, Nabokov's mother and sister moved to Prague.
بعد فترة قصيرة من موت والده انتقلت الام واخته الى براغ بينما بقي هو هناك حتى عام 1937
Nabokov stayed in Berlin, where he had become a recognised poet and writer within the émigré community and published under the nom de plume V. Sirin. To supplement his scant writing income, he taught languages and gave tennis and boxing lessons. Of his fifteen Berlin years, Dieter E. Zimmer wrote: "He never became fond of Berlin, and at the end intensely disliked it. He lived within the lively Russian community of Berlin that was more or less self-sufficient, staying on after it had disintegrated because he had nowhere else to go to. He knew little German. He knew few Germans except for landladies, shopkeepers, the petty immigration officials at the police headquarters."
يحكى ان حياته كانت صعبة للغاية في برلين ولم يحبها ابدا وتعرف على انسا قلائل من بينهم شرطة الهجرة
In 1922 Nabokov became engaged to Svetlana Siewert; she broke off the engagement in early 1923, with her parents worrying that he could not provide for her.[5] In May 1923 he met a Jewish-Russian woman, Véra Evseyevna Slonim, at a charity ball in Berlin[3] and married her in April 1925 Their only child, Dmitri, was born in 1934.
In 1936, Véra lost her job because of the increasingly anti-Semitic environment; also in that year the assassin of Nabokov's father was appointed second-in-command of the Russian émigré group. In the same year Nabokov began seeking a job in the English-speaking world. In 1937 he left Germany for France, where he had a short affair with Russian émigrée Irina Guadanini; his family followed, making their last visit to Prague en route. They settled in Paris, but also spent time in Cannes, Menton, Cap d'Antibes, and Frejus. In May 1940 the Nabokov family fled from the advancing German troops to the United States on board the SS Champlain.
في العام 1936 فقدت زوجته اليهودية عملها بسبب المشاعر المناهضة للسامية فبدأ نابكوف البحث عن عمل في البلاد التي تتحدث انجليزية وغادر ألمانيا في العام 1937 إلى فرنسا وفي العام 1940 هربت العائلة من امام الزحف الالماني الى الولايات المتحدة
The Nabokovs settled in Manhattan and Vladimir started a job at the American Museum of Natural History. In October he met Edmund Wilson, who became his close friend (until their falling out two decades later) and introduced Nabokov's work to American editors.[]
Nabokov went to Wellesley College in 1941 as resident lecturer in comparative literature. The position, created specifically for him, provided an income and free time to write creatively and pursue his lepidoptery. Nabokov is remembered as the founder of Wellesley's Russian Department. The Nabokovs resided in Wellesley, Massachusetts during the 1941–42 academic year.
In September 1942 they moved to Cambridge where they lived until June 1948. Following a lecture tour through the United States, Nabokov returned to Wellesley for the 1944–45 academic year as a lecturer in Russian.
In 1945, he became a naturalised citizen of the United States. He served through the 1947–48 term as Wellesley's one-man Russian Department, offering courses in Russian language and literature. His classes were popular, due as much to his unique teaching style as to the wartime interest in all things Russian. At the same time he was the de facto curator of lepidoptery at Harvard University's Museum of Comparative Zoology. After being encouraged by Morris Bishop, Nabokov left Wellesley in 1948 to teach Russian and European literature at Cornell University.
Nabokov wrote Lolita while travelling on butterfly-collection trips in the western United States that he undertook every summer. (Nabokov never learned to drive, type, fold an umbrella, or answer the telephone. Véra acted as "secretary, typist, editor, proofreader, translator and bibliographer; his agent, business manager, legal counsel and chauffeur; his research assistant, teaching assistant and professorial understudy"; when Nabokov attempted to burn unfinished drafts of Lolita, it was Véra who stopped him. He called her the best-humoured woman he had ever known.)
In June 1953 he and his family went to Ashland, Oregon, renting a house on Meade Street from Professor Taylor, head of the Southern Oregon College Department of Social Science. There he finished Lolita and began writing the novel Pnin. He roamed the nearby mountains looking for butterflies, and wrote a poem called Lines Written in Oregon. On 1 October 1953, he and his family left for Ithaca, New York, where he would later teach the young writer Thomas Pynchon.
After the great financial success of Lolita, Nabokov was able to return to Europe and devote himself exclusively to writing.
بعد نجاح روايته لوليتا المالي عاد الى اوروبا لكيرس كل حياته للكتابة
In 1976 he was hospitalised with an undiagnosed fever. He was rehospitalised in Lausanne in 1977 suffering from severe bronchial congestion. He died on 2 July in Montreux surrounded by his family and, according to his son, Dmitri, "with a triple moan of descending pitch".[ His remains were cremated and are buried at the Clarens cemetery in Montreux.
مات عام 1977
Nabokov was a self-described synesthete, who at a young age equated the number five with the color red.

اعترف نابكوف بأنه كان يعاني من مرض synesthete حيث كان يرى الرقم خمسة باللون الاحمر وحسب ما هو معروف عن هذا المرض غالبا من يكون هناك سر يرتبط بالرقم الذي يرى باللون المختلف

Aspects of synesthesia can be found in several of his works. In his memoir Speak, Memory, he notes that his wife also exhibited synesthesia; like her husband, her mind's eye associated colours with particular letters.
قال ايضا ان زوجته كانت تعاني من نفس المرض وكانت ترى بعض الارقام بلون مختلف
For some synesthetes, letters are not simply associated with certain colours, they are themselves coloured. Nabokov frequently endowed his protagonists with a similar gift.
غالبا ما جعل من إبطال قصص لهم نفس القدرة

==
-روائي روسي ولد عام 1899 ومات عام 1977 وكان متعدد اللغات
-كتب أول 9 روايات باللغة الروسية تحول ليكتب باللغة الانجليزية
-كتب رائعته لوليتا عام 1955
-ولد عام 1899 لعائلة غنية معروفة وكان والده يعمل قاضي
-كان اكبر الأولاد الخمسة لوالده الذي كان يعمل في الدولة والصحافة وزوجته ألينا
-قضى طفولته في سانت بطرسبيرج
-نعت طفولته بأنها كانت ( مثالية )
-كانت طفولته وقود لكتاباته وهو في المنفى
-في سن 16 ورث مزرعة عمه القريبة من المزرعة التي تربى فيها لكنه فقدها عند قيام الثورة في عام 1917
-غادرت العائلة المدينة عام 1917 بعد قيام الثورة ولم يتوقعوا أن تطول هجرتهم
-في عام 1919 هاجروا إلى أوروبا
-التحق فلدمير بكلية اكسفورد بعد أن وصلت العائلة إلى انجلترا
-عام 1920 انتقلت العائلة إلى برلين حيث أسس والده جريده
-التحق نابيكوف بالعائلة بعد أن أنجز دراسته في الكلية بعد عامين
- في عام 1922 تم اغتيال والده( وعمره حينها 23 سنه) والذي كان يدافع عن شخصية روسية قيادية في الحزب الديمقراطي الدستوري وقد كان لذلك الاغتيال والموت العنيف بالغ الأثر على فلدمير وانعكس مرات ومرات في كتاباته حيث كان أبطال رواياته يلقون حتفهم لأسباب خطأ
-بعد فترة قصيرة من موت والده انتقلت الأم وأخته إلى براغ بينما بقي هو هناك حتى عام 1937
-يحكى ان حياته كانت صعبة للغاية في برلين ولم يحبها أبدا وتعرف على أناس قلائل من بينهم شرطة الهجرة
-في العام 1936 فقدت زوجته اليهودية عملها بسبب المشاعر المناهضة للسامية فبدأ نابكوف البحث عن عمل في البلاد التي تتحدث انجليزية وغادر ألمانيا في العام 1937 إلى فرنسا وفي العام 1940 هربت العائلة من أمام الزحف الألماني إلى الولايات المتحدة
-بعد نجاح روايته لوليتا المالي عاد إلى أوروبا لكيرس كل حياته للكتابة
-مات عام 1977
-اعترف نابكوف بأنه كان يعاني من مرض synesthete حيث كان يرى الرقم خمسة باللون الأحمر وحسب ما هو معروف عن هذا المرض غالبا من يكون هناك سر يرتبط بالرقم الذي يرى باللون المختلف
-قال أيضا أن زوجته كانت تعاني من نفس المرض وكانت ترى بعض الأرقام بلون مختلف
-غالبا ما جعل من أبطال قصص لهم نفس القدرة .

ريما أن مرض تلون الرقم خمسة يشير إلى حدث مهم وقع وهو في سن الخامسة حس ما هو مشروح عن هذا المرض حيث يرتبط الرقم الملون عادة بحدث عظيم...لكن يبدو أن الثورة التي وقعت وهو في سن السابعة عشرة هي أهم حدث معروف في حياته حيث فقد أملاكه التي كان قد وريها قبل عام وهو في سن السادسة عشرة ثم جاء المنفى ومن ثم البعد عن العائلة التي استقرت في برلين بينما استقر هو في لندن ثم جاء حادث اغتيال والده وهو في سن الثالثة والعشرين ولا شك أن ذلك كان حدثا مأسويا ومفاجئا ومزلزلا.

بسبب مرض تلون الرقم 5 وبسبب الثورة وبسبب المنفي ثم البعد عن العائلة وهو في سن التاسعة عشرة ثم مقتل والده عن غير قصد.

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