هالدور لاكسنس
هو أديب آيسلندي ولد في 23 افريل 1902 وتوفي في 8 فيفري 1998. تحصل على جائزة نوبل في الأدب لسنة 1955 و ايضا حصل على جائزة الاتحاد السوفيتي للسلام في الاعمال الادبيةو كان ذلك في سنة 1953 . تتمحور جميع أعماله حول بلده آيسلندا. نشر أول رواية له في سن السابعة عشرة من عمره تناول فيها مرحلة طفولته وأطلق على الرواية اسم «طفل الطبيعة». أما الرواية التي لفتت أنظار الأوساط الأدبية إليه كانت «النساج العظيم من كشمير» ونشرت عام 1929.
تخرج من المدرسة اللاتينية الآيسلندية وبعدها زار أرجاء أوروبا لدراسة الديانة المسيحية واللغات الأجنبية، وفي النهاية قرر عدم دخول سلك الرهبنة. وعند انتهاء الحرب العالمية الأولى، أمضى زمنا طويلا في أوروبا والولايات المتحدة، وحاول أن يجد لنفسه عملا في هوليوود ككاتب سيناريو بين 1927 و 1929

Halldór Kiljan Laxness (Icelandic: [ˈhaltour ˈcʰɪljan ˈlaxsnɛs] (listen); born Halldór Guðjónsson; 23 April 1902 – 8 February 1998) was a twentieth-century Icelandic writer. Throughout his career Laxness wrote poetry, newspaper articles, plays, travelogues, short stories, and novels. Major influences on his writings include August Strindberg, Sigmund Freud, Sinclair Lewis, Upton Sinclair, Bertolt Brecht and Ernest Hemingway.[1] He received the 1955 Nobel Prize in Literature, and is the only Icelandic Nobel laureate.

In 1922, Laxness joined the Abbaye St. Maurice et St. Maur in Clervaux, Luxembourg. The monks followed the rules of Saint Benedict of Nursia. Laxness was baptized and confirmed in the Catholic Church early in 1923. Following his confirmation, he adopted the surname Laxness (in honor of the homestead where he had been raised) and added the name Kiljan (an Icelandic spelling of the IrishmartyrSaint Killian).
Inside the walls of the abbey, he practiced self-study, read books, and studied French, Latin, theology and philosophy. While there, he composed the story Undir Helgahnjúk, published in 1924. Soon after his baptism, he became a member of a group which prayed for reversion of the Nordic countries back to Catholicism. Laxness wrote of his Catholicism in the book Vefarinn mikli frá Kasmír, published in 1927: "For a while he reached a safe haven in a Catholic monastery in Luxembourg, whence he sent home surrealistic poetry and gathered material for the great autobiographical novel recording his mental development, 'a witch brew of ideas presented in a stylistic furioso' (Peter Hallberg), Vefarinn mikli frá Kasmír. I have long thought that this work was marked by the chaos of German expressionism; at any rate it has the abandon advocated by André Breton, the master of French surrealism. It created a sensation in Iceland and was hailed by Kristjan Albertsson as the epoch-making book it really was. In the future Laxness was always in the vanguard of stylistic development..."[4]
"Laxness's religious period did not last long; during a visit to America he became attracted to socialism.".[5] Partly under the influence of Upton Sinclair, with whom he'd become friends in California, "With Alþydubókin (1929) Laxness... joined the socialist bandwagon... a book of brilliant burlesque and satirical essays... one of a long series in which he discussed his many travel impressions (Russia, western Europe, South America), unburdened himself of socialistic satire and propaganda, and wrote of the literature and the arts, essays of prime importance to an understanding of his own art..."[6] Laxness lived in the United States and attempted to write screenplays for Hollywood films between 1927 and 1929.[7]

By the 1930s he "had become the apostle of the younger generation" and was attacking "viciously" the Christian spiritualism of Einar Hjörleifsson Kvaran, an influential writer who had also been considered for the Nobel Prize.[8]
"... with "Salka Valka" (1931–32) began the great series of sociological novels, often coloured with socialist ideas, continuing almost without a break for nearly twenty years. This was probably the most brilliant period of his career, and it is the one which produced those of his works that have become most famous. But Laxness never attached himself permanently to a particular dogma."[9]
Other major works from this period include Sjálfstætt fólk (Independent People, 1934, 1935), and Heimsljós (World Light, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1940): "... which has been consistently regarded by many critics as his most important work.".[10]
He also traveled to the Soviet Union and wrote approvingly of the Soviet system and culture.[11]

Laxness translated Ernest Hemingway's A Farewell to Arms into Icelandic in 1941, with controversial neologisms.[12]
Laxness published the sprawling three-part Íslandsklukkan (Iceland's Bell, 1943–46) a historical novel.
In 1946 Independent People was released as a book of the month club selection in the United States, selling over 450,000 copies.[13]
In response to the establishment of a permanent US military base in Keflavík, he wrote the satire Atómstöðin (The Atom Station), an action which, in part, may have caused his blacklisting in the United States.[14]
"The demoralization of the occupation period is described... nowhere as dramatically as in Halldor Kiljan Laxness' Atómstöðin (1948)... [where he portrays] postwar society in Reykjavík, completely torn from its moorings by the avalanche of foreign gold"[15]