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11-21-2011, 11:32 PM

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John le Carré

David John Moore Cornwell (born 19 October 1931), who writes under the name John le Carré, is an author of espionage novels.
اسمه الحقيقي ديفد جون مور كورنويل ولد عام 1931 ويكتب قصص جاسوسية
During the 1950s and the 1960s, Cornwell worked for MI5 and MI6, and began writing novels under the pseudonym "John le Carré".
عمل في اجهزة المخابرات بين الاعوام 1950 و1960 وبدأ يكتب روايات باسم مستعار وهو جون لي كاري
His third novel The Spy Who Came in from the Cold (1963) became an international best-seller and remains one of his best known works. Following the novel's success, he left MI6 to become a full-time author.
في العام 1963 الف رواية واصبحت هذه الروايه "الجاسوس الذي جاء من لا مكان" من اكثر الكتب مبيعا فاستقال من العمل في جهاز المخابرات ليصبح كاتبا متفرغا
In 1990, le Carré received the Helmerich Award which is presented annually by the Tulsa Library Trust. He is a 2011 recipient of the Goethe Medal.
Le Carré has since written several novels that have established him as one of the finest writers of espionage fiction in 20th century literature. In 2008, The Times ranked le Carré 22nd on its list of "The 50 greatest British writers since 1945".
English writer known for disillusioned, suspenseful spy novels based on a wide knowledge of international espionage. Le Carré's famous hero is George Smiley, a Chekhovian character and shadowlike member of the British Foreign Service. In his works the author has explored the moral problems of patriotism, espionage, and ends versus means. Le Carré's style is precise and elegant, and his novels are noted for skillful plotting and witty dialogue. Familiarity with intelligence agents connects le Carré to the long tradition of spy/writers from Christopher Marlowe, Ben Johnson and Daniel Defoe to the modern day writers, such as Graham Greene, John Dickson Carr, Somerset Maugham, Alec Waugh, and Ted Allbeury.
"Beyond the trees, Smiley thought, cars are passing. Beyond the trees lies a whole world, but Lacon has this red castle and a sense of Christian ethic that promises him no reward except a knighthood, the respect of his peers, a fat pension, and a couple of charitable directorships in the City." (Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy, 1974)
John Le Carré is the pen name of David Cornwell. He was born in Poole, Dorset, the son of Ronnie Cornwell, who engaged in swindleس and was imprisoned for fraud.
ولد في بول دورست ( انجلترا) وكان والده يمارس الغش والخداع مما ادى الى سجنه
According to the author, this has been one of the factors of his fascination with secrets.
يقول ان ذلك كان احد اسباب اهتمامه بالاسرار
Ronnie Cornwell also participated in politics. His father's chameleonic character inspired the novel A PERFECT SPY (1986).
Le Carré's mother left the family when he was five.
هجرته والدته وهو في سن الخامسة "
I have no memory of mourning my mother at all," le Carré has confessed, but her absence was another secret, which shaped his early years. Le Carré did not meet his mother until he was 21.
يقول انه لا يذكر امه على الاطلاق كما ان غيابها كان بالنسبة له سر آخر جعله يحب الاسرار ولم يتلق بها مرة ارخى حتى اصبح في الـ 21
Dissatisfied with Sherborne School, le Carré persuaded his father to send him to school in Switzerland.
لم ينسجم في الدراسة ولذلك اقنع والده ان يرسله الى سويسرا
At Sherbone his relationship with the rigid housemaster was not good and le Carré started to view institutions with growing suspicion.
لم تكن علاقته مع المدير جيدة وعليه اصبح يتعامل مع المؤسسات بشكل وريبة
He studied at Berne University (1948-49), and after military service, which he did in Austria, le Carré returned to England.
خدم في الجيش في النمسا بعد ان انهى دراسته الجامعية في العام 1949 وعاد بعد ذلك الى انجلترا
In Switzerland le Carré met an English diplomat, who possibly was attached to intelligence work, and he become fascinated by espionage - it was the call for le Carré.
التقى في سويسرا بدلماسي كان يعمل جاسوس ووقع في غرام العمل الجاسوسي السري
He studied modern languages at Lincoln College, Oxford, graduating in 1956. At Oxford he kept a very low profile. Later it has been claimed, that le Carré was already a spy. He was two years as a tutor at Eton, teaching French and German, and then joined the Foreign Service.
In 1959 le Carré became a member of the British Foreign Service in West Germany, where he made friends of German politicians.
انضم في العام 1959 الى العمل في وزارة الخارجية البريطانية وعمل في المالنيا الغربية
Later he was consul in Hamburg. The most famous double agent of the Cold War, "Kim" Philby (1912-1988), betrayed le Carré, and gave his name among others to the Russians.
عمل قنصل في هامبرج وقد كشف الجاسوس المزدوج ( كم فلي ) اسمه للروس
During his years at the operational section of MI5 le Carré met John Bingham, who encouraged him to write and read the manuscript of his first novel. Bingham, the pen-name and family name of Lord Clanmorris, was one of the two men who inspired le Carré's famous character, George Smiley: "Short, fat and of a quiet disposition, he appeared to spend a lot of money on really bad clothes..." Bingham, who had published crime novels, never accepted the picture of the Intelligence Services that le Carré gave in his books. "As far as John was concerned - and many others too - claims of good intent were guff. I was a shit, consigned to the ranks of other shits like Compton McKenzie, Malcolm Muggeridge and J.C. Masterman, all of whom had betrayed the Service by writing about it." (Le Carré in his introduction to Bingham's Five Roundabouts to Heaven, Pan Classic Crime, 2001)
For decades le Carré denied that his work in Germany had any element of espionage. Gradually he has gradually broken his silence and talked about this and other sides of his life in the BBC documentary The Secret Service (prod. 2000). However, le Carré has insisted that he was never James Bond or anything like that. "I sat behind a desk"
At Lincoln College he apparently kept his eyes open for possible agents recruited by the Soviet Union. Later le Carré moved from MI5 to MI6, and he was in Berlin when the wall was erected - "the fun had started". His own experiences inspired him to compose a novel which became CALL FOR THE DEAD (1961), le Carré's first spy thriller, which introduced George Smiley. Later the author himself considered it only a so-so book. It was followed by a completely different kind of work, A MURDER OF QUALITY (1962), a detective novel set in a boys' school.
After the success of his third novel, THE SPY WHO CAME IN FROM THE COLD (1963), le Carré began to devote himself full-time to writing. His aim was to portray the intelligence world from a new standpoint - "When I first began writing, Ian Fleming was riding high and the picture of the spy was that of a character who could have affairs with women, drive a fast car, who used gadgetry and gimmickry to escape." With his breakthrough novel le Carré established an alternative form to the James Bond cult and a new type of hero. Graham Greene considered it the best spy story he had ever read and J.B. Priestley wrote that the book was "superbly constructed with an atmosphere of chilly hell." The novel won le Carré the Somerset Maugham Award.
In 1954 le Carré married Ann Martin. He lived in the 1960s on various Greek islands, but then returned to England. After divorce he married again in 1972.
تزوج في العام 1954 وعاش في عام 1960 في جزر اليونان ولكنه عاد الى بريطانيا وتزوج مرة ثانية في العام 1972

In January 2003 le Carré published in The Times an essay entitled 'The United States has gone mad,' joining a number of European and American writers protesting about war on Iraq. "How Bush and his junta succeeded in deflecting America's anger from bin Laden to Saddam Hussein is one of the great public relations conjuring tricks of history," argued le Carré. Richard Cohen answered in the Washington Post, saying that the essay was "the intellectual collapse of what is called the anti-war movement." More radical than Mick Jagger, le Carré has declined all honors offered to him, stating that he will never be Sir David. In 2005 Britain's crime writers' club awarded him its Dagger of Daggers for The Spy Who Came in from the Cold and in 2011 he received the Goethe Medal in honour of his life's work.

Early life and career

On 19 October 1931, David John Moore Cornwell was born to Richard Thomas Archibald (Ronnie) Cornwell (1906–75) and Olive (Glassy) Cornwell, in Poole, Dorset, England, UK. He was the second son to the marriage, the first being Tony, two years his elder, now a retired advertising executive; his younger half-sister is the actress Charlotte Cornwell; and Rupert Cornwell, a former Independent newspaper Washington bureau chief, is a younger half-brother
واضح ان والده تزوج وانجب اولاد من الام الثانية ولذلك كان له اخوة غير اشقاء
[John le Carré said he did not know his mother, who abandoned him when he was five years old, until their re-acquaintance when he was 21 years old.
لم يعرف امع لانها تخلت عنه وهو ف ي سن الخامسة
His relationship with his father was difficult, given that the man had been jailed for insurance fraud, was an associate of the Kray twins (among the foremost criminals in London) and was continually in debt.

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