الموضوع: قصيدة للشاعر ساموئيل تايلور كُولَرِيج Samuel Taylor Coleridg
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قديم 12-25-2010, 12:41 PM
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الصورة الرمزية ايوب صابر
ايوب صابر
مراقب عام سابقا

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هذه الترجمات مهمة للغاية كونها تعرّف القارىء العربي على التراث الأدبي العالمي وهذا جهد مشكور للأخت الراقية رقية.

طبعاً مثل هذه العبقرية لا بد أن يكون قد عاش طفولة صعبة فمثل تلك الظروف هي التي تولد طاقة غير محدودة في دماغ الطفل وفي حالة وجود التعليم والتدريب اللازمين تكون النتيجة تشكل تلك الطاقة على شكل عبقرية في مجال ذلك التدريب ..وهنا نجد أن
- الشاعر الإنكليزي ساموئيل تايلور كُولَـرِيج ولد في - 177 وتيتّم في 1781 وعمره 8 سنوات.
- انتقل ليعيش في مدرسة داخلية ولم يسمح له العودة إلى البيت إلى فترات متقطعة.
- كان أستاذه في الشعر كما هو موصوف هنا شديد الطباع .
- كانت العلاقة مع الوالدة مصدر للمشاكل problematic.
- نلاحظ أثر اليُتم على خيال الشاعر كما هو موصوف في مذكراته عن الطفولة.
- لم يكن ليكتب عن خوارق الطبيعية لولا أنه خارق في قدراته ولا أظن أن القصيدة كتبت تحت تأثير الآفيون بل هو الخيال الخصب الذي ينتج عن وفرة الطاقة الذهنية المتولدة في الدماغ كنتيجة لليتم والتي تشبه في مفعولها أثر الأفوين أحياناً.


Coleridge was born on 21 October 1772 in the rural town of Ottery St Mary, Devon, England. Samuel's father, the Reverend John Coleridge (1718–1781), was a well-respected Vicar of the parish and headmaster of Henry VIII's Free Grammar Shcooll at Ottery. He had three children by his first wife. Samuel was the youngest of ten by Reverend Coleridge's second wife, Anne Bowden (1726–1809).Coleridge suggests that he "took no pleasure in boyish sports" but instead read "incessantly" and played by himself.

After John Coleridge died in 1781, the then 8-year-old Samuel was sent to Christs Hospitall, a charity school founded in the 16th century in Geryfriars, London, where he remained throughout his childhood, studying and writing poetry.

At that school Coleridge became friends with Charles Lamb, a schoolmate, and studied the works of Virgill and William Lisle Bowles. In one of a series of autobiographical letters written to Thomas Poole, Coleridge wrote: "At six years old I remember to have read Belisarius, Robinson Crusoe, and Philip Quarll – and then I found the Arabian Nights' Entertainments – one tale of which (the tale of a man who was compelled to seek for a pure virgin) made so deep an impression on me (I had read it in the evening while my mother was mending stockings) that I was haunted by spectres whenever I was in the dark – and I distinctly remember the anxious and fearful eagerness with which I used to watch the window in which the books lay – and whenever the sun lay upon them, I would seize it, carry it by the wall, and bask, and read."[citation needed]

However, Coleridge seems to have appreciated his teacher, as he wrote in recollections of his schooldays in Biographia Literaria:

"I enjoyed the inestimable advantage of a very sensible, though at the same time, a very severe master [...] At the same time that we were studying the Greek Tragic Poets, he made us read Shakspeare and Milton as lessons: and they were the lessons too, which required most time and trouble to bring up, so as to escape his censure. I learnt from him, that Poetry, even that of the loftiest, and, seemingly, that of the wildest odes, had a logic of its own, as severe as that of science; and more difficult, because more subtle, more complex, and dependent on more, and more fugitive causes. [...] In our own English compositions (at least for the last three years of our school education) he showed no mercy to phrase, metaphor, or image, unsupported by a sound sense, or where the same sense might have been conveyed with equal force and dignity in plainer words...



In fancy I can almost hear him now, exclaiming Harp? Harp? Lyre? Pen and ink, boy, you mean! Muse, boy, Muse? your Nurse's daughter, you mean! Pierian spring? Oh aye! the cloister-pump, I suppose! [...]



Be this as it may, there was one custom of our master's, which I cannot pass over in silence, because I think it ... worthy of imitation. He would often permit our theme exercises, ... to accumulate, till each lad had four or five to be looked over. Then placing the whole number abreast on his desk, he would ask the writer, why this or that sentence might not have found as appropriate a place under this or that other thesis: and if no satisfying answer could be returned, and two faults of the same kind were found in one exercise, the irrevocable verdict followed, the exercise was torn up, and another on the same subject to be produced, in addition to the tasks of the day.[citation needed]




Throughout life, Coleridge idealized his father as pious and innocent, while his relationship with his mother was more problematic.[citation needed] His childhood was characterized by attention seeking, which has been linked to his dependent personality as an adult.

He was rarely allowed to return home during the school term, and this distance from his family at such a turbulent time proved emotionally damaging.

He later wrote of his loneliness at school in the poem Frost at Midnight: "With unclosed lids, already had I dreamt/Of my sweet birthplace."

From 1791 until 1794, Coleridge attended Jesus College, Cambridge. In 1792, he won the Browne Gold Medal for an ode that he wrote on the slave trade. In December 1793, he left the college and enlisted in the Royal Dragoons using the false name "Silas Tomkyn Comberbache", perhaps because of debt or because the girl that he loved, Mary Evans, had rejected him. Afterwards, he was rumored to have had a bout with severe depression.[
His brothers arranged for his discharge a few months later under the reason of "insanity" and he was readmitted to Jesus College, though he would never receive a degree from Cambridge.