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94- ميشيل ني
ني (ميشيل ـ)
(1769 ـ 1815)
ميشيل ني
Michel Ney
مارشال فرنسا
Maréchal de France
دوق إلشينغن
Duc d’Elchingen
، ويعرف باسم ميشيل الأحمر
Michel le Rouge
لغزارة شعره الأحمر المتألق، إضافة إلى لقب أشجع الشجعان
Michel Ney
(
French pronunciation:
[miʃɛl ˈnɛ]
),
1st Duc d'
Elchingen
,
1st Prince de la
Moskowa
(10 January 1769 – 7 December 1815) popularly known as
Marshal Ney
was a
French
soldier and military commander during the
French Revolutionary Wars
and the
Napoleonic Wars
. He was one of the original 18
Marshals of France
created by
Napoleon
. He was known as
Le Rougeaud
("red faced" or "ruddy"
[1]
) by his men and nicknamed
le Brave des Braves
("the bravest of the brave") by Napoleon.
Early life
Michel Ney was born in
Saarlouis
, the second son of Pierre Ney (1738–1826), a
master
barrel
-
cooper
and veteran of the
Seven Years' War
, and of his wife Margarethe Grewelinger (1739–1791). Ney was the paternal grandson of Matthias Ney (1700–1780) and wife Margarethe Becker (d. 1767), and the maternal grandson of Valentin Grewelinger and wife Margaretha Ding.
[2]
His hometown at the time of his birth comprised a
French
-speaking enclave in a predominantly
German
-speaking portion of
Lorraine
, and Ney grew up
bilingual
.
Ney was educated at the Collège des Augustins, and subsequently became a notary in Saarlouis, and then overseer of mines and forges.
[
edit
]
French Revolutionary Wars
Life as a
civil servant
did not suit Ney, and he enlisted in the Colonel-General Hussar Regiment in 1787.
[2]
Ney rapidly rose through the non-commissioned ranks. He served in the
Army of the North
from 1792 to 1794, with which he saw action at the
Cannonade of Valmy
, the
Battle of Neerwinden
, and other engagements. Ney was commissioned in October 1792, transferred to the Sambre-et-Meuse in June 1794, and wounded at the
Siege of Mainz
. Ney was promoted to
général de brigade
in August 1796, and commanded cavalry on the German fronts. On 17 April 1797, during the
Battle of Neuwied
, Ney led a cavalry charge against Austrian lancers trying to seize French cannons. The lancers were beaten back, but Ney’s cavalry were counter-attacked by heavy cavalry. During the mêlée, Ney was thrown from his horse and made a prisoner of war; on 8 May he was exchanged for an Austrian general.
[3]
Following the capture of
Mannheim
, Ney was promoted to
géneral de division
in March 1799. Later in 1799, Ney commanded cavalry in the armies of Switzerland and the Danube. At
Winterthur
Ney received wounds in the thigh and wrist. After Ney’s recovery he fought at
Hohenlinden
under
General Moreau
in December 1800. From September 1802, Ney commanded French troops in Switzerland and performed diplomatic duties.
[
Napoleonic Wars
Further information:
Napoleonic Wars
On 19 May 1804, Ney received his Marshal's baton, emblematic of his status as a Marshal of the Empire, the Napoleonic era's equivalent of Marshal of France.
[4]
In the 1805 campaign Ney took command of VI Corps of
La Grande Armée
, and was praised for his conduct at
Elchingen
.
[4]
In November 1805, Ney invaded the Tyrol, capturing
Innsbruck
from
Archduke John
. In the 1806 campaign, Ney fought at
Jena
and then occupied Erfurt. Later in the campaign, Ney successfully besieged
Magdeburg
. In the 1807 campaign Ney arrived with reinforcements in time to save Napoleon from defeat at
Eylau
, although the battle ended as a draw. Later in the campaign, Ney fought at Güttstadt, and commanded the right wing at
Friedland
. On 6 June 1808, Ney was created Duke of Elchingen.
[4]
In August 1808 Ney was sent to Spain in command of VI Corps, and won a number of minor actions. In 1809 he routed an Anglo-Portuguese force under Sir Robert Wilson at Baños. In 1810 Ney joined
Marshal Masséna
in the invasion of Portugal, where he
took Ciudad Rodrigo
from the Spanish and
Almeida
from the British and Portuguese, brusquely defeated the British on the
River Côa
, and fought at
Buçaco
. During the retreat from Torres Vedras, Ney worsted
Wellington
's forces in a series of lauded
rearguard
actions (
Pombal
,
Redinha
,
Casal Novo
, Foz d'Aronce) with which he delayed the pursuing enemy forces enough to allow the main French force to retreat unmolested. He was ultimately removed from command for insubordination
.
ماتت والدته وعمره 22 عام
.
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