الموضوع: هل تولد الحياة من رحم الموت؟؟؟ دراسة بحثية
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قديم 06-14-2011, 07:25 PM
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الصورة الرمزية ايوب صابر
ايوب صابر
مراقب عام سابقا

اوسمتي

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اندرو جاكسون

يتمه: مات ابوه قبل الولادة بثلاث اسابيع.
مجاله: رئيس الولايات المتحدة السابع.

(15 مارس1767كارولينا الجنوبية - 8 يونيو1845، تينيسي)، رئيس الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية السابع بالفترة من 1829 إلى 1837. كان الحاكم العسكري لفلوريدا عام 1821، وقائد القوات الاميركية في معركة نيو اورليانز عام 1815. اشتهر عنه الصرامة وبعد الحرب درس القانون. في عام 1788 أصبح محامياً في الجزء الشمالي الغربي من ولاية كارولينا الشمالية الآن تينيسي، وفاز بشعبية كبيرة وانتخب في مجلس الشيوخ في سن 30 وشارك بصفة عامة في حرب 1812، حيث هزم القوات البريطانية. أصبح لاحقاً بطلاً قومياً، كما شارك في الحرب التي أدت إلى شراء ولاية فلوريدا في عام 1819 وأصبح أول حاكم للدولة هناك. نجح في انتخابات الرئاسة سنة 1828 وانتخابات سنة 1832 وقام بتأسيس الحزب الديمقراطي
Andrew Jackson (March 15, 1767 – June 8, 1845) was the seventhPresident of the United States (1829–1837). Based in frontier Tennessee, Jackson was a politician and army general who defeated the British at the Battle of New Orleans (1815) and the Creek Indians at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend (1814). A polarizing figure who dominated the Second Party System in the 1820s and 1830s, he destroyed the national bank and relocated most Indian tribes to the west. His enthusiastic followers created the modern Democratic Party, and the 1830-1850 period later became known as the era of Jacksonian democracy.
Jackson was nicknamed "Old Hickory" because of his toughness and aggressive personality that produced numerous duels, some fatal. He was a rich slave owner who appealed to the masses of Americans and fought against what he denounced as a closed undemocratic aristocracy. He expanded the spoils system during his presidency to strengthen his political base, regardless of the cost of inefficiency and bias.
As president, he supported a small and limited federal government but strengthened the power of the presidency, which he saw as spokesman for the entire population–as opposed to Congressmen from a specific small district. He was supportive of state's rights, but, during the Nullification Crisis, declared that states do not have the right to nullify federal laws. Strongly against the national bank, he vetoed the renewal of its charter and ensured its collapse. Whigs and moralists denounced his aggressive enforcement of the Indian Removal Act, which resulted in the forced relocation of Native American tribes to Indian Territory (now Oklahoma).
His legacy is now seen as mixed by historians. He is praised as a protector of popular democracy and individual liberty for American citizens, but criticized for his support for slavery and Indian removal
Jackson was born on March 15, 1767. His parents were PresbyterianScotch-Irish colonists Andrew and Elizabeth Hutchinson Jackson, who had emigrated from Ireland two years earlier. Jackson's father was born in Carrickfergus, County Antrim, in Ireland around 1738. The house that Jackson's parents lived in, in the village of Boneybefore in County Antrim, Northern Ireland, is now preserved as the Andrew Jackson Centre and is open to the public.
When they emigrated to America in 1765, Jackson's parents probably landed in Pennsylvania and made their way overland to the Scotch-Irish community in the Waxhaws region, straddling the border between North and South Carolina. They brought two children from Ireland, Hugh (born 1763) and Robert (born 1764).
Jackson's father died in an accident in February 1767, at the age of 29, three weeksbefore Jackson was born.
Jackson was born in the Waxhaws area, but his exact birth site is unclear because he was born around the time his mother was making a difficult trip home from burying Jackson's father. The area was so remote that the border between North and South Carolina had not officially been surveyed yet.
In 1824, Jackson wrote a letter saying that he was born at an uncle's plantation in Lancaster County, South Carolina. But he may have claimed to be a South Carolinian because the state was considering nullification of the Tariff of 1824, which Jackson opposed. In the mid-1850s, second-hand evidence indicated that he may have been born at a different uncle's home in North Carolina.
Revolutionary War

Young Jackson Refusing to Clean Major Coffin's Boots (1876 lithograph).
During the American Revolutionary War, Jackson, at age thirteen, joined a local militia as a courier.[10] His eldest brother, Hugh, died from heat exhaustion during the Battle of Stono Ferry, on June 20, 1779. Jackson and his brother Robert were captured by the British and held as prisoners; they nearly starved to death in captivity. When Jackson refused to clean the boots of a British officer, the officer slashed at the youth with a sword, leaving Jackson with scars on his left hand and head, as well as an intense hatred for the British.[11] While imprisoned, the brothers contracted smallpox. Robert died a few days after their mother secured their release, on April 27, 1781. After his mother was assured Andrew would recover, she volunteered to nurse prisoners of war on board two ships in Charleston harbor, where there had been an outbreak of cholera. She died from the disease in November 1781, and was buried in an unmarked grave, leaving Jackson an orphan at age 14.[11] Jackson's entire immediate family–aside from his father, who had died earlier–died from hardships during the war; Jackson blamed the British.
Jackson was the last U.S. President to have been a veteran of the American Revolution.