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59-تشستر وليم نيمستن
Fleet Admiral
Chester William Nimitz,
GCB
,
USN
(February 24, 1885 – February 20, 1966) was a
five-star
admiral of the
United States Navy
. He held the dual command of
Commander in Chief
,
United States Pacific Fleet
(CinCPac), for U.S. naval forces and Commander in Chief, Pacific Ocean Areas (CinCPOA), for U.S. and Allied air, land, and sea forces during
World War II
.
[1]
He was the leading U.S. Navy authority on
submarines
, as well as Chief of the Navy's
Bureau of Navigation
in 1939. He served as Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) from 1945 until 1947. He was the United States' last surviving
Fleet Admiral
.
Chester W. Nimitz, a
German Texan
, was the son of Anna Josephine (Henke) and Chester Bernhard Nimitz. He was born 24 February 1885 in
Fredericksburg, Texas
,
[2]
where his house is now the
Admiral Nimitz State Historic Site
.
His frail, rheumatic father died before Nimitz was born
.
He was significantly influenced by his grandfather,
Charles Henry Nimitz
, a former seaman in the German Merchant Marine, who taught him, "the sea - like life itself - is a stern taskmaster. The best way to get along with either is to learn all you can, then do your best and don't worry - especially about things over which you have no control."
Originally, young Nimitz applied to
West Point
in hopes of becoming an Army officer, but there were no appointments available. His congressman,
James L. Slayden
, told him that he had one appointment available for the Navy and that he would award it to the best qualified candidate. Nimitz felt that this was his only opportunity for further education and spent extra time studying to earn the appointment. He was appointed to the
United States Naval Academy
from
Texas's 12th congressional district
in 1901, and he graduated with distinction on 30 January 1905, seventh in a class of 114.
]
Military career
Early career
He joined the
battleship
Ohio
at
San Francisco
, and cruised on her to the Far East. In September 1906, he was transferred to the cruiser
USS
Baltimore
(C-3)
; and, on 31 January 1907, after the two years at sea as a
warrant officer
then required by law, he was commissioned as an
Ensign
. Remaining on Asiatic Station in 1907, he successively served on the gunboat
Panay
, destroyer
Decatur
, and cruiser
Denver
.
The destroyer
USS
Decatur
(DD-5)
ran aground on a sand bar in the
Philippines
on 7 July 1908 while under the command of Ensign Nimitz. The ship was pulled free the next day, and Nimitz was court-martialed, found guilty of neglect of duty, and issued a
letter of reprimand
.
[5]
Nimitz returned to the United States onboard
USS
Ranger
when that vessel was converted to a school ship, and in January 1909 began instruction in the First Submarine Flotilla. In May of that year he was given command of the flotilla, with additional duty in command of
USS
Plunger
, later renamed
A-1
. He commanded
USS
Snapper
(later renamed
C-5
) when that submarine was commissioned on 2 February 1910, and on 18 November 1910 assumed command of
USS
Narwhal
(later renamed
D-1
). In the latter command he had additional duty from 10 October 1911, as Commander 3rd Submarine Division Atlantic Torpedo Fleet. In November 1911 he was ordered to the
Boston Navy Yard
, to assist in fitting out
USS
Skipjack
and assumed command of that submarine, which had been renamed
E-1
, at her commissioning on 14 February 1912. On the
monitor
Tonopah
on 20 March 1912, he rescued Fireman Second Class W. J. Walsh from drowning, receiving a Silver
Lifesaving Medal
for his action.
[5]
After commanding the Atlantic Submarine Flotilla from May 1912 to March 1913, he supervised the building of
diesel engines
for the tanker
Maumee
, under construction at the
New London Ship and Engine Company
,
Groton, Connecticut
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