الموضوع: هل تولد الحياة من رحم الموت؟؟؟ دراسة بحثية
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قديم 06-14-2011, 09:53 PM
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الصورة الرمزية ايوب صابر
ايوب صابر
مراقب عام سابقا

اوسمتي

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افتراضي
أندرو جونسون
يتمه : والده توفي وعمره 3 سنوات.+ الام تزوجت لاحقا. هربت وهو في سن 16 ليعمل خياط.
مجاله : رئيس الولايات المتحدة رقم 17.
(29 ديسمبر1808 مدينة رالي، كارولينا الشمالية - 31 يوليو1875 ولاية تينيسي)، الرئيس السابع عشرللولايات المتحدة الأمريكية بالفترة من 15 أبريل1865 إلى 4 مارس1869. خدم جونسون كعضو في مجلس الشيوخ الأمريكي عن ولاية تينيسي مرتين المرة الأولى كانت ما بين عامي 1857 إلى عام 1862 والمرة الثانية كانت ما بين 4 أذار- مارس من سنة 1875 إلى وفاته في 31 تموز - يوليو من نفس العام. كما كان أندرو جونسون الحاكم العسكري على ولاية تينسي ابان الحرب الاهلية الأمريكية ما بين عامي 1862 إلى عام 1865 وشغل منصب نائب الرئيس الأمريكي ما بين 4 مارس من سنة 1865 إلى 15 أبريل من نفس السنة حيث تولى بعدها أندرو جونسون منصب رئاسة الولايات المتحدة أثر اغتيال الرئيس ابراهام لنكولن.
Andrew Johnson

(December 29, 1808 – July 31, 1875) was the 17thPresident of the United States (1865–1869). Following the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln, Johnson presided over the Reconstruction era of the United States in the four years after the American Civil War. His tenure was controversial as his positions hostile to the Freedmen came under heavy political attack from Republicans.
When Tennessee seceded in 1861, Johnson was a U.S. Senator from Greeneville in EastTennessee. A Unionist, he was the only Southern senator not to resign. He became the most prominent War Democrat from the South and supported Lincoln's military policies during the American Civil War of 1861–1865. In 1862, Lincoln appointed Johnson military governor of occupied Tennessee, where he was energetic and effective in fighting the rebellion and beginning the transition to Reconstruction.
Johnson was nominated as the vice presidential candidate in 1864 on the National Union Party ticket. He and Lincoln were elected in November 1864 and inaugurated on March 4, 1865. Johnson succeeded to the presidency upon Lincoln's assassination on April 15, 1865.
As president, he took charge of Presidential Reconstruction – the first phase of Reconstruction – which lasted until the Radical Republicans gained control of Congress in the 1866 elections. His conciliatory policies towards the South, his hurry to reincorporate the former Confederate states back into the union, and his vetoes of civil rights bills embroiled him in a bitter dispute with Radical Republicans.[3] The Radicals in the House of Representatives impeached him in 1868, charging him with violating the law (specifically the Tenure of Office Act), but the Senate acquitted him by a single vote.
Johnson's party status was ambiguous during his presidency. As president, he did not identify with the two main parties – though he did try for the Democratic nomination in 1868. While President he attempted to build a party of loyalists under the National Union label. Asked in 1868 why he did not become a Democrat, he said, "It is true I am asked why don't I join the Democratic Party. Why don't they join me ... if I have administered the office of president so well?" His failure to make the National Union brand an actual party made Johnson effectively an independent during his presidency, though he was supported by Democrats and later rejoined the party as a Democratic Senator from Tennessee from 1875 until his death. He is usually counted as a Democrat when identifying presidents by their political parties. Johnson was the first U.S. President to undergo an impeachment trial; the senate fell one vote short of removing him from office. He is commonly ranked by historians as being among the worst U.S. presidents.
Early life
Johnson's boyhood home in North Carolina, located at the Mordecai Historic Park in Raleigh, North Carolina.
Andrew Johnson was born in Raleigh, North Carolina, to Jacob Johnson (1778–1812) and Mary McDonough (1783–1856).
Jacob died when Andrew was around three years old, leaving his family in poverty. Johnson's mother then took in work spinning and weaving to support her family, and she later remarried.
She bound Andrew as an apprentice tailor. In the 1820s, he worked as a tailor in Laurens, South Carolina. Johnson had no formal education and taught himself how to read and write.
At age 16 or 17, Johnson left his apprenticeship and ran away with his brother toGreeneville, Tennessee, where he found work as a tailor. His master used legal procedures to force him to return but failed, and Johnson was on his own. At the age of 18, Johnson married 16 year-old Eliza McCardle in 1827; she was the daughter of a local shoemaker. Between 1828 and 1852, the couple had five children: Martha (1828), Charles (1830), Mary (1832), Robert (1834), and Andrew Jr. (1852). Eliza taught Johnson arithmetic up to basic algebra and tutored him to improve his literacy and writing skills.