الموضوع: ما سر "الروعة" في افضل مائة رواية عالمية؟ دراسة بحثية
عرض مشاركة واحدة
قديم 11-13-2011, 10:16 PM
المشاركة 216
الصورة الرمزية ايوب صابر
ايوب صابر
مراقب عام سابقا

اوسمتي

  • غير موجود
افتراضي
ميوريل سبارك

Dame Muriel Spark, DBE (1 February 1918 – 13 April 2006)[1] was an award-winning Scottishnovelist. In 2008 The Times newspaper named Spark in its list of "the 50 greatest British writers since 1945".[2]
روائية استكلنديه من مواليد عام 1918

Early life

She was born Muriel Sarah Camberg in Edinburgh, the daughter of Sarah Elizabeth Maud (née Uezzell) and Bernard Camberg, an engineer. Her father was Jewish and her mother had been raised a Presbyterian, as was Spark.
ولدت لاب يهودي وام مسيحية
She was educated at James Gillespie's High School for Girls (1923 – 1935).
درست في مدرسة للنبات من عام 1923 حتى 1935
The family lived in the Bruntsfield area of Edinburgh. In 1934–35 she took a course in "Commercial correspondence and précis writing" at Heriot-Watt College. She taught English for a brief time and then worked as a secretary in a department store.
On 3 September 1937 she married Sidney Oswald Spark, and soon followed him to Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe).
تزوجت عام 1937 من سدني ازولد سبارك وتبعته بعد مدة قصيرة الى زمبابويه
Their son Robin was born in July 1938. Within months she discovered that her husband was manic depressive and prone to violent outbursts.
اكتشف وخلال اشهر ان زوجها يتعرض لنوبات غضب وتقلبات مزاج حادة مرضية
In 1940 Muriel left Sidney and Robin.
في عام 1940 انفصلت عن زوجها وابنها
She returned to the United Kingdom in early 1944, taking residence at the Helena Club in London;] years later the club would be her inspiration for the fictional May of Teck Club in The Girls of Slender Means.
في العام 1944 عادت الى لندن
She worked in Intelligence for the remainder of World War II.
عملت مع جهاز المخابرات حتى نهاية الحرب العالمية الثانية
She provided money at regular intervals to support her son as he toiled unsuccessfully over the years. Spark maintained it was her intention for her family to set up home in England, but Robin returned to Britain with his father later to be brought up by his maternal grandparents in Scotland.
Writing career

Spark began writing seriously after the war, under her married name, beginning with poetry and literary criticism.
بدأت الكتابة بشكل جدي بعد الحرب العالمية الثانية
The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie (1961[ was more successful. Spark displayed originality of subject and tone, making extensive use of flashforwards and imagined conversations. It is clear that James Gillespie's High School was the model for the Marcia Blaine School in the novel.
After living in New York City for some years, she moved to Rome, where she met artist and sculptor Penelope Jardine in 1968.
عاشت في نيويورك ومن ثم روما
In the early 1970s they settled in Tuscany, in the village of Civitella della Chiana, of which in 2005 Spark was made an honorary citizen.
She was the subject of frequent rumours of lesbian relationships from her time in New York onwards, although Spark and her friends denied their validity.
اتهمت بشذوذها الجنسي لكنها نفت ذلك
She left her entire estate to Jardine, taking measures to ensure that her son receive nothing.
Spark refused permission to publish a biography of her written by Martin Stannard.
رفضت السماح بنشر مذكراتها والتي كتبها مارتن ستانارد
Penelope Jardine now holds publication approval rights, and the book was published in July 2009. On 27 July 2009 Stannard was interviewed on Front Row, the BBC Radio 4 arts programme. According to A. S. Byatt, "She [Jardine] was very upset by the book and had to spend a lot of time going through it, line by line, to try to make it a little bit fairer".
Spark received the James Tait Black Memorial Prize in 1965 for The Mandelbaum Gate, the US Ingersoll Foundation T. S. Eliot Award in 1992 and the David Cohen Prize in 1997. She became Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1993, in recognition of her services to literature. She has been twice shortlisted for the Booker Prize, in 1969 for The Public Image and in 1981 for Loitering with Intent.[18] In 2010 Spark was shortlisted for the Lost Man Booker Prize of 1970 for The Driver's Seat.

ابرز احداث حياة ميوريل سبارك
- روائية استكلنديه من مواليد عام 1918
- ولدت لاب يهودي وام مسيحية
- درست في مدرسة للنبات من عام 1923 حتى 1935
- تزوجت عام 1937 من سدني ازولد سبارك وتبعته بعد مدة قصيرة الى زمبابويه وهي في سن 19
- اكتشف وخلال اشهر ان زوجها يتعرض لنوبات غضب وتقلبات مزاج حادة مرضية
- في عام 1940 انفصلت عن زوجها وابنها
- في العام 1944 عادت الى لندن
- عملت مع جهاز المخابرات حتى نهاية الحرب العالمية الثانية
- بدأت الكتابة بشكل جدي بعد الحرب العالمية الثانية
- عاشت في نيويورك ومن ثم روما
- اتهمت بشذوذها الجنسي لكنها نفت ذلك
- رفضت السماح بنشر مذكراتها والتي كتبها مارتن ستانارد.


لا شك انها عاشت حياة شديدة القسوة ومليئة بالاحداث الدارمية شديدة المأساوية خاصة فيما يتعلق بزواجها ومرض زوجها ثم انفصالها عن زوجها وابنها التي رفضت التعامل معه لاحقا اطلاقا. كما ان رفضها لنشر مذكراتها يؤشر الى انها ربما كانت تتجنب الكشف عن طبيعة تلك الحياة.


سنعتبرها مجهولة الطفولة