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Kazuo Ishiguro OBE (Kazuo Ishiguro) or 石黒一雄 (Ishiguro Kazuo); born 8 November 1954) is a Japanese–Britishnovelist. He was born in Nagasaki, Japan, and his family moved to England in 1960.
ولد في عام 1954 في نكازاكي- اليابان، وهو روائي بريطاني من اصل ياباني وانتقلت اسرته الى بريطانيا عام 1960
Ishiguro obtained his Bachelor's degree from University of Kent in 1978 and his Master's from the University of East Anglia's creative writing course in 1980. He became a British citizen in 1982.
درس في بريطانيا وحصل على الجنسية البريطانية عام 1982
Ishiguro is one of the most celebrated contemporary fiction authors in the English-speaking world, having received four Man Booker Prize nominations, and winning the 1989 prize for his novel The Remains of the Day. In 2008, The Times ranked Ishiguro 32nd on their list of "The 50 greatest British writers since 1945".
Recently, his novel Never Let Me Go has been adapted to film.
Early life and career

Ishiguro was born in Nagasaki on 8 November 1954, the son of Shizuo Ishiguro, a physical oceanographer, and his wife Shizuko. In 1960 his family, including his two sisters, moved to Guildford, Surrey so that his father could work on oil development in the North Sea.
انتقلت العائلة الى بريطانيا ليتمكن والده ن العمل في حقل الفط في بحر الشمال
He attended Stoughton Primary School and then Woking County Grammar School in Surrey. After finishing school he took a 'gap year' and travelled through America and Canada, whilst writing a journal and sending demo tapes to record companies.
درس في مدارس بريطانية وبعد انهاء المدرسة الثانوية سافر الى الولايات المتحدة وكندا لمدة عام
In 1974 he began at the University of Kent, Canterbury, and he graduated in 1978 with a Bachelor of Arts (honours) in English and Philosophy. After spending a year writing fiction, he resumed his studies at the University of East Anglia where he gained a Master of Arts in Creative Writing in 1980. He became a British citizen in 1982.
بدأ دراسته الجامعية عام 1974 وانجزها عام 1978 وحصل على شهادة في اللغة الانجليزية والفلسفة
He co-wrote four of the songs on jazz singer Stacey Kent's 2009 Breakfast On the Morning Tram album. He also wrote the liner notes to Kent's 2003 album, In Love Again.
Literary characteristics

A number of his novels are set in the past. His most recent, Never Let Me Go, has science fiction qualities and a futuristic tone; however, it is set in the 1980s and 1990s, and thus takes place in a very similar yet alternate world. His fourth novel, The Unconsoled, takes place in an unnamed Central European city. The Remains of the Day is set in the large country house of an English lord in the period surrounding World War II.
An Artist of the Floating World is set in an unnamed Japanese city during the period of reconstruction following Japan's surrender in 1945. The narrator is forced to come to terms with his part in World War II. He finds himself blamed by the new generation who accuse him of being part of Japan's misguided foreign policy and is forced to confront the ideals of the modern times as represented by his grandson.
The novels are written in the first-person narrative style and the narrators often exhibit human failings. Ishiguro's technique is to allow these characters to reveal their flaws implicitly during the narrative. The author thus creates a sense of pathos by allowing the reader to see the narrator's flaws while being drawn to sympathize with the narrator as well. This pathos is often derived from the narrator's actions, or, more often, inaction. In The Remains of the Day, the butler Stevens fails to act on his romantic feelings toward housekeeper Miss Kenton because he cannot reconcile his sense of service with his personal life.
Ishiguro's novels often end without any sense of resolution. The issues his characters confront are buried in the past and remain unresolved. Thus Ishiguro ends many of his novels on a note of melancholic resignation.
غالبا ما ينهي رواياته بنهاية حزينة
His characters accept their past and who they have become, typically discovering that this realization brings comfort and an ending to mental anguish.
ابطاله يتقبلون ماضيهم وهو ما ينهي المعاناة الذهنية ويجلب الراحة
This can be seen as a literary reflection on the Japanese idea of mono no aware.
Ishiguro and Japan

Ishiguro was born in Japan and has a Japanese name (the characters in the surname Ishiguro mean 'rock' and 'black' respectively). He set his first two novels in Japan; however, in several interviews he has had to clarify to the reading audience that he has little familiarity with Japanese writing and that his works bear little resemblance to Japanese fiction.
In a 1990 interview he said, "If I wrote under a pseudonym and got somebody else to pose for my jacket photographs, I'm sure nobody would think of saying, 'This guy reminds me of that Japanese writer.'" Although some Japanese writers have had a distant influence on his writing — Jun'ichirō Tanizaki is the one he most frequently cites — Ishiguro has said that Japanese films, especially those of Yasujirō Ozu and Mikio Naruse, have been a more significant influence.
Ishiguro left Japan in 1960 at the age of 5 and did not return until 1989, nearly 30 years later, as a participant in the Japan Foundation Short-Term Visitors Program.
غادر اليابان وهو في سن الخامسة ولم يعد اليها الا وهو في الثلاثيين
In an interview with Kenzaburo Oe, Ishiguro acknowledged that the Japanese settings of his first two novels were imaginary: "I grew up with a very strong image in my head of this other country, a very important other country to which I had a strong emotional tie. In England I was all the time building up this picture in my head, an imaginary Japan."
Personal life

Ishiguro has been married to Lorna MacDougall, a social worker, since 1986. They met at the West London Cyrenians homelessness charity in Notting Hill, where Ishiguro was working as a residential resettlement worker. They live in London with their daughter Naomi.
Awards

He was featured in the first two Granta Best of Young British Novelists: in 1983 and in 1993. He won the Whitbread Prize in 1986 for his second novel, An Artist of the Floating World. He won the Booker Prize in 1989 for his third novel, The Remains of the Day. An Artist of the Floating World, When We Were Orphans and his most recent novel, Never Let Me Go, were all short-listed for the Booker Prize. A leaked account of a judging committee's meeting revealed that the committee found itself deciding between Never Let Me Go and John Banville's The Sea before awarding the prize to the latter.[9][10]
He was appointed OBE for services to literature in 1995, and was awarded the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres by the French Ministry of Culture in 1998. On Time magazine's 2005 list of the 100 greatest English language novels published since the magazine formed in 1923, Never Let Me Go was the most recent novel. In 2008, The Times named Ishiguro among their list of "The 50 greatest British writers since 1945".[11]
He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature in 1989.[12]
Works

Novels

· A Pale View of Hills (1982)
· An Artist of the Floating World (1986)
· The Remains of the Day (1989)
· The Unconsoled (1995)
· When We Were Orphans (2000)
· Never Let Me Go (2005)
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Eighteen years after his first book, A Pale View of Hills was published, Kazuo Ishiguro, thinks that he has his early success figured out. Ishiguro feels that in the early 1980s when he was arriving on the scene, publishers in Great Britain had, "a great hunger for this kind of new internationalism. After quite a long time of people being preoccupied with the English class system or the middle-class adultery novel or whatever, publishers in London and literary critics and journalists in London suddenly wanted to discover a new generation of writers who would be quite different from your typical older generation of English writer."
===
Born in Nagaski in 1954, Ishiguro's family moved to England in 1960 expecting to return to Japan in a year, although they remained in Britain. Ishiguro, whose friends, he says, call him "Ish," attended the University of Kent and the University of East Anglia. On the surface, Ishiguro has achieved the perfect balance of those who immigrate at a very young age. He is, of course, Japanese. But his speech and mannerisms are absolutely British and his accent and way of speaking give away his education and upbringing as well as anything could.
It was perhaps this cultural blend that so endeared him to British publishers early on. "That's how I kind of branded myself right from the start: as somebody who didn't know Japan deeply, writing in English whole books with only Japanese characters in. Trying to be part of the English literary scene like that."
This talk of branding and fashion trends in literary scenes would be easier to swallow if Ishiguro were a different kind of writer. The fact is, every one of his five carefully crafted novels has been published to international acclaim and recognition far beyond most writer's dreams. Four of his novels have been nominated for the Booker Award -- arguably English language literature's most coveted prize -- including his third novel, The Remains of the Day which was awarded the Booker in 1989 and was made into a successful film in 1993 and his most recent novel, When We Were Orphans.
احدث رواية له تسمى " عندما كنا ايتام"
When We Were Orphans is set mainly in Shanghai prior to World War II. The protagonist and narrator is Christopher Banks, a young man who was orphaned in Shanghai when he was a child and sent back to Britain to be raised by an aunt. As an adult in London, Christopher comes to prominence as a detective and realizes he must return to Shanghai to solve the mystery that has driven him throughout his career: the disappearance of his parents.
While it's possible to set any story into a nutshell in this way, readers familiar with Ishiguro's work will realize it doesn't begin to do justice to this postmodernist writer's work. The writer himself compares aspects of When We Were Orphans to expressionist art, "where everything is distorted to reflect the emotion of the artist who is looking at the world. It's kind of like that. The whole world portrayed in that book starts to tilt and bend in an attempt to orchestrate an alternative kind of logic."