Joseph Heller (May 1, 1923 – December 12, 1999) was a US satiricalnovelist, short story writer, and playwright.
ولد جوزيف هيللر عام 1923 وهو روائي امريكي
His best known work is Catch-22, a novel about US servicemen during World War II.
اروع كتاب كتبه هو روايته ( الخدعة 22 ) وهي رواية عن الجنود الامريكيين في الحرب العالمية الثانية
The title of this work entered the English lexicon to refer to absurd, no-win choices, particularly in situations in which the desired outcome of the choice is an impossibility, and regardless of choice, the same negative outcome is a certainty. Heller is widely regarded as one of the best post–World War II satirists.
كان افضل كاتب يكتب الاسلوب الساخر
Although he is remembered primarily for Catch-22, his other works center on the lives of various members of the middle class and remain exemplars of modern satire.

Joseph Heller was born in Coney Island in Brooklyn, New York, the son of poor Jewish parents, Lena and Isaac Donald Heller, from Russia.
ولد لابوين من يهود روسيا
Even as a child, he loved to write; as a teenager, he wrote a story about the Russian invasion of Finland and sent it to New York Daily News, which rejected it. At least one scholar suggests that he knew that he wanted to become a writer, after recalling that he received a children's version of the Iliad when he was ten. After graduating from Abraham Lincoln High School in 1941,[ Heller spent the next year working as a blacksmith's apprentice, a messenger boy, and a filing clerk.
بعد ان تخرج من مدرسة ابراهيم لنكولن عام 1941 عمل مع حداد ومراسل وكاتب
In 1942, at age 19, he joined the U.S. Army Air Corps. Two years later he was sent to Italian Front, where he flew 60 combat missions as a B-25bombardierز
انضم على الجيش الامريكي وعمره 19 سنة وارسل بعد عامين الى الجبهة في ايطاليا حيث قام ب 60 طلعة جوية
His Unit was the 488th Bombardment Squadron, 340th Bomb Group, 12th Air Force. Heller later remembered the war as "fun in the beginning... You got the feeling that there was something glorious about it." On his return home he "felt like a hero... People think it quite remarkable that I was in combat in an airplane and I flew sixty missions even though I tell them that the missions were largely milk runs." ("Milk Runs" were combat missions, but mostly uneventful due to a lack of intense opposition from enemy anti-aircraft artillery or fighters.)
اعتقد ان الحرب في البداية كانت شي مرح
After the war, Heller studied English at the University of Southern California and NYU on the G.I. Bill. In 1949, he received his M.A. in English from Columbia University. Following his graduation, he spent a year as a Fulbright scholar at St. Catherine's College in Oxford University. After returning home, he taught composition at The Pennsylvania State University for two years. He also taught fiction and dramatic writing at Yale. He then briefly worked for Time, Inc., before taking a job as a copywriter at a small advertising agency, where he worked alongside future novelist Mary Higgins Clark.[14] At home, Heller would write. He was first published in 1948, when The Atlantic ran one of his short stories. That first story nearly won the "Atlantic First."
He was married to Shirley Held from 1945–1981 and they had two children, Erica (born 1952) and Ted (born 1956).

On Sunday, December 13, 1981, Heller was diagnosed with Guillain-Barré syndrome, a debilitating syndrome that was to leave him temporarily paralyzed.
في العام 1981 تم اكتشاف انه مريض بمرض اقعده
He was admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of Mount Sinai Medical Hospital the same day, and remained there, bedridden, until his condition had improved enough to permit his transfer to the Rusk Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, which occurred on January 26, 1982. His illness and recovery are recounted at great length in the autobiographical No Laughing Matter, which contains alternating chapters by Heller and his good friend Speed Vogel. The book reveals the assistance and companionship Heller received during this period from a number of his prominent friends—Mel Brooks, Mario Puzo, Dustin Hoffman and George Mandel among them.
Heller eventually made a substantial recovery. In 1984, while in the process of divorcing his wife of 35 years, he met Valerie Humphries, the nurse who had helped him to recover, and later married her.

Heller returned to St. Catherine's as a visiting Fellow, for a term, in 1991 and was appointed an Honorary Fellow of the college. In 1998, he released a memoir, Now and Then: From Coney Island to Here, in which he relived his childhood as the son of a deliveryman and offered some details about the inspirations for Catch-22.
كتب مذكراته وفيه تحدث عن طفولته كأبن لرجل كان يعمل سائق على سيارة نقل في مخبز
He died of a heart attack at his home in East Hampton, on Long Island, in December 1999, shortly after the completion of his final novel, Portrait of an Artist, as an Old Man. On hearing of Heller's death, his friend Kurt Vonnegut said, "Oh, God, how terrible. This is a calamity for American literature."
مات عام 1999
American writer, who gained world fame with his satirical, anti-war novel Catch-22 (1961), set in the World War II Italy.
اكتسب شهرة عالمية بسبب روايته التي جعلها ضد الحرب
The book was partly based on Heller's own experiences and influenced among others Robert Altman's comedy M*A*S*H, and the subsequent long-running TV series, set in the Korean War.
الرواية اعتمدت على تجربة الروائي في الحرب
The phrase "catch-22" has entered the English language to signify a no-win situation, particularly one created by a law, regulation or circumstance.
"All over the world, boys on every side of the bomb line were laying down their lives for what they had been told was their country, and no one seemed to mind, least of all the boys who were laying down their young lives. There was no end in sight." (in Catch-22)
Joseph Heller war born in Brooklyn, New York, the son of poor Jewish parents. His Russian-born father, Isaac Daniel Heller, was a bakery truck driver. He died in 1927 from a botched ulcer operation.
مات ابوه عام 1927 من قرحة في المعدة ( عندما كان الروائي في الخاسمة من عمره فقط )
The family – Heller's mother, Lena, who worked as a seamstress, his half-sister Sylvia, and his half-brother, Lee – lived in a small four-room apartment looking out on West 31st Street near Surf Avenue in Coney Island.
عاشت العائلة الام والاخت غير الشقيقة والاخ غير الشقيق في شقة صغيرة من اربع غرف
Lena could barely speak English. She liked to read and Heller brough her from the Coney Island public library Yiddish translations of novels. Her favorite book was Tolstoy's Anna Karenina, which she read over and over.

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Joseph Heller, the author of "Catch-22," the darkly comic 1961 novel that became a universal metaphor not only for the insanity of war, but also for the madness of life itself,
عرف لسخريتة من الحرب بل من جنون الحياة نفسها
To avoid flying more missions, Yossarian concocts a mysterious liver ailment, sabotages his plane and tries to get himself declared insane.
Yossarian discovers that, in the military rule book, anyone who is declared insane must be excused from flying death-defying missions. The catch is that one must ask to be excused. But anyone who is smart enough to show "rational fear in the face of clear and present danger" obviously is sane and must continue to fly.
In his novel, Heller went beyond a simple anti-military stance. Some critics found a condemnation of capitalistic practices in the character of Milo Minderbinder, a money-grubbing former mess-hall officer whose pursuit of profits caused suffering and deaths.

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Joseph Heller was born in Brooklyn, New York, to first generation Russian-Jewish immigrants. His father, a bakery-truck driver, died after a surgical operation when Heller was only five years old.
مات ابوه بعد عملية جراحية بينما كان هيللر في الخامسة
Many critics believe that Heller developed the dark, wisecracking humor that marked his writing style while growing up near Coney Island, a famous amusement park in Brooklyn. Heller recalled little childhood influence in the literary world except for The Illiad by Homer, an eighth-century B.C.E. poet