الموضوع
:
هل تولد الحياة من رحم الموت؟؟؟ دراسة بحثية
عرض مشاركة واحدة
08-23-2011, 12:39 AM
المشاركة
1074
ايوب صابر
مراقب عام سابقا
اوسمتي
مجموع الاوسمة
: 4
تاريخ الإنضمام :
Sep 2009
رقم العضوية :
7857
المشاركات:
12,768
فلدمير سفياتوسلافك العظيم
يتمه: مات ابوه حينما كان ابن 14 سنه
مجاله: قائد عظيم
Vladimir Sviatoslavich the Great
Old East Slavic
:
Володимѣръ Свѧтославичь
Old Norse
as
Valdamarr Sveinaldsson
,
Russian
: Влади́мир,
Vladimir
,
Ukrainian
: Володимир,
Volodymyr
,
[2]
(c. 958 near
Pskov
– 15 July 1015,
Berestovo
) was a
Varangian
(
Viking
)
grand prince
of
Kiev
.
[3]
[4]
Vladimir's father was the
Varangian
prince
Sviatoslav
of the
Rurik dynasty
.
[5]
After the death of his father in 972, Vladimir, who was then prince of
Novgorod
, was forced to flee to
Scandinavia
in 976 after his brother
Yaropolk
had murdered his other brother
Oleg
and conquered
Rus
. In
Sweden
with the help from his relative
Ladejarl
Håkon Sigurdsson
, ruler of
Norway
, assembled a
Varangian
army and reconquered
Novgorod
from
Yaropolk
.
[6]
By 980 Vladimir had consolidated the
Kievan realm
from modern day
Ukraine
to the
Baltic Sea
and had solidified the frontiers against incursions of Bulgarian, Baltic, and Eastern nomads. Originally a
pagan
, Vladimir converted to
Christianity
in 988,
[7]
[8]
[9]
and proceeded to
baptise all of Kievan Rus'
.
Vladimir, born in 958, was the
natural son
and youngest son of
Sviatoslav I of Kiev
by his housekeeper
Malusha
. Malusha is described in the
Norse sagas
as a prophetess who lived to the age of 100 and was brought from her cave to the palace to predict the future. Malusha's brother
Dobrynya
was Vladimir's tutor and most trusted advisor. Hagiographic tradition of dubious authenticity also connects his childhood with the name of his grandmother,
Olga Prekrasa
, who was Christian and governed the capital during Sviatoslav's frequent military campaigns.
Transferring his capital to
Pereyaslavets
in 969, Sviatoslav designated Vladimir ruler of
Novgorod the Great
but gave Kiev to his legitimate son
Yaropolk
. After Sviatoslav's death (972), a fratricidal war erupted (976) between Yaropolk and his younger brother
Oleg
, ruler of the
Drevlians
. In 977 Vladimir fled to his kinsman
Haakon Sigurdsson
, ruler of
Norway
, collecting as many of the
Norse
warriors
as he could to assist him to recover Novgorod, and on his return the next year marched against Yaropolk.
On his way to Kiev he sent ambassadors to
Rogvolod
(Norse: Ragnvald), prince of
Polotsk
, to sue for the hand of his daughter
Rogneda
(Norse: Ragnhild). The high-born princess refused to affiance herself to the son of a bondswoman, but Vladimir attacked Polotsk, slew Rogvolod, and took Ragnhild by force. Polotsk was a key fortress on the way to Kiev, and the capture of Polotsk and
Smolensk
facilitated the taking of Kiev (980), where he slew Yaropolk by treachery, and was proclaimed
konung
, or
khagan
, of all
Kievan Rus
.
[11]
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