الموضوع
:
هل تولد الحياة من رحم الموت؟؟؟ دراسة بحثية
عرض مشاركة واحدة
08-22-2011, 12:35 PM
المشاركة
1059
ايوب صابر
مراقب عام سابقا
اوسمتي
مجموع الاوسمة
: 4
تاريخ الإنضمام :
Sep 2009
رقم العضوية :
7857
المشاركات:
12,768
كوانجاتو العظيم
يتمه: مات ابوه وعمره 17 سنة.
مجاله: قائد عظيم.
كوريا مواليد 374 ومات 413
Gwanggaeto the Great of Goguryeo (374–413) (r. 391–413) was the nineteenth
monarch
of
Goguryeo
, the northernmost of the
Three Kingdoms of Korea
. His full
posthumous name
roughly means "Very Greatest King, Broad Expander of Territory, buried in Gukgangsang.", sometimes abbreviated to Hotaewang or
Taewang
. He selected
Yeongnak
as his
era name
, and was called King Yeongnak the Great during his reign.
Under Gwanggaeto, Goguryeo once again became a major power of
East Asia
, having enjoyed such a status in the 2nd century CE. Upon King Gwanggaeto's death at thirty-nine years of age in 413, Goguryeo controlled all territory between the
Amur
and
Han
Rivers (two thirds of modern
Korea
,
Manchuria
, and parts of the Russian Maritime province and
Inner Mongolia
).
In addition, in 399,
Silla
submitted to Goguryeo for protection from raids from Baekje. Gwanggaeto captured the Baekje capital in present-day
Seoul
and made
Baekje
its vassal. Many consider this loose unification under Goguryeo to have been the only true unification of the
Three Kingdoms
.
Gwanggaeto's accomplishments are recorded on the
Gwanggaeto Stele
, erected in 414 at the site of his tomb in Ji'an along the present-day
Chinese
-
North Korean
border. It is the largest engraved stele in the world.
Rise to power and campaigns against Baekje
Gwanggaeto succeeded his father, King Gogukyang, upon his death in 391. Immediately upon being crowned King of Goguryeo, Gwanggaeto granted himself the title Supreme King Yeongnak, affirming himself as equal to the rulers of China and the king of Baekje. He then began to rebuild and retrain Goguryeo's cavalry units and naval fleet, and they were put into action the following year, 392, against Baekje.
In 392, with Gwanggaeto in personal command, Goguryeo attacked Baekje with 50,000 cavalry, taking 10 walled cities along the two countries' mutual border. This offensive infuriated King
Asin of Baekje
and he subsequently planned a counter-offensive against Gwanggaeto, a plan he was forced to abandon when his invasion force was defeated by Goguryeo in 393. King Asin again attacked Goguryeo in 394, and was again defeated. After several heavy defeats, Baekje began to politically crumble and the leadership of Asin came under doubt. Baekje was defeated by Goguryeo again in 395, and was eventually pushed back to a front along the Han River, where
Wiryeseong
was, then its capital city located in the southern part of modern day
Seoul
.
In the following year, Gwanggaeto led his huge fleet in an assault on Wiryesong, approaching by sea and river. Asin was expecting a ground invasion and was caught with his defenses down. Gwanggaeto's forces burnt about 58 walled fortresses under Baekje control, and defeated the forces of King Asin. Asin surrendered to Gwanggaeto, even handing over his brother as a Goguryeo captive as condition for maintaining his own rule over Baekje. Gwanggaeto had finally gained superiority over its longtime rival Baekje on the Korean peninsula.
Conquest of the North
In 395, during a campaign against Baekje, the King himself attacked and conquered
Biryeo
, a small part of the Khitan tribe located in central
Manchuria
. Its exact location is not known but it was not very far from the
Songhua River
.
In 400,
Later Yan
, founded by the
Murong
clan of the Xianbei in present-day
Liaoning province
, attacked Goguryeo. Gwanggaeto responded swiftly, recovering most of the territory seized by the Xianbei and driving most of them from Goguryeo. Then in 402, he decided to launch an attack on Later Yan itself, determined to protect his Kingdom from further threat. In the same year Gwanggaeto defeated the Xienpei, seizing some of their border fortresses. In 404, he invaded Liaodong and took the entire
Liaodong Peninsula
.
The Xianbei did not watch idly as Goguryeo forces took over their lands. In 405, forces of the Later Yan crossed the
Liao River
, and attacked Goguryeo but were defeated by Gwanggaeto. The Murong Xianbei invaded once again the following year, but yet again the Goguryeo king was able to repel them. Gwanggaeto led several more campaigns against Xianbei as well as against Khitan tribes in
Inner Mongolia
, which he brought under his control. In 408, the King sent a peace delegate to
Gao Yun
, then ruler of
Later Yan
/
Northern Yan
, to broker a settlement between the two dynasties, because Gao Yun descended from the Goguryeo royal house as well. Goguryeo control over the Liaoning region remained strong until the
Tang Dynasty
seized the area as a part of its war against Goguryeo in the late 7th century.
In 410 Gwanggaeto began his conquest of the
Dongbuyeo
. The Dongbuyeo was no match for the massive army of Goguryeo, and it suffered a series of defeat, finally surrendering to Goguryeo after King Gwanggaeto conquered sixty-four walled cities and more than 1,400 villages. Gwanggaeto also attacked several
Malgal
and
Ainu
tribes further north, bringing them under Goguryeo domination
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