الموضوع
:
هل تولد الحياة من رحم الموت؟؟؟ دراسة بحثية
عرض مشاركة واحدة
08-21-2011, 01:47 AM
المشاركة
1052
ايوب صابر
مراقب عام سابقا
اوسمتي
مجموع الاوسمة
: 4
تاريخ الإنضمام :
Sep 2009
رقم العضوية :
7857
المشاركات:
12,768
كلوثار العظيم
يتمه: مات ابوه قبل ولادته.
مجاله: ملك نيوستريا وملك الفرنسيين من عام 613- 629
Chlothar II
(or
Chlotar
,
Clothar
,
Clotaire
,
Chlotochar
, or
Hlothar
,
giving rise to
Lothair
; 584 – 629), called
the Great
(
le Grand
) or
the Young
(
le Jeune
), King of
Neustria
, and, from 613 to 629,
King of all the Franks
,
was not yet born when his father, King
Chilperic I
died in 584
. His mother,
Fredegund
, was regent until her death in 597, at which time the thirteen-year-old Chlothar began to rule for himself. As king, he continued his mother's feud with
Brunhilda
, queen of
Austrasia
, with equal viciousness and bloodshed.
Biography
In 599, he made war with his nephews,
Theuderic II
of
Burgundy
and
Theudebert II
of Austrasia, who defeated him at
Dormelles
(near
Montereau
). At this point, however, the two brothers took up arms against each other. In 605, he invaded Theuderic's kingdom, but did not subdue it. He remained often at war with Theuderic until the latter died in
Metz
in late 613 while preparing a campaign against him. At that time,
Warnachar
,
mayor of the palace
of Austrasia, and
Rado
, mayor of the palace of Burgundy, abandoned the cause of Brunhilda and her great-grandson,
Sigebert II
, and the entire realm was delivered into Chlothar's hands. Brunhilda and Sigebert met Chlothar's army on the
Aisne
, but the Patrician Aletheus, Duke Rocco, and Duke Sigvald deserted the host and the grand old woman and her king had to flee. They got as far as the
Orbe
, but Chlothar's minions caught up with them by the lake
Neuchâtel
. Both of them and Sigebert's younger brother Corbo were executed by Chlothar's orders.
In that year, Chlothar II became the first king of all the
Franks
since his grandfather
Chlothar I
died in 561 by ordering the murder of the infant
Sigebert II
(son of Theuderic), whom the aging Brunhilda had attempted to set on the thrones of Austrasia and
Burgundy
, causing a rebellion among the nobility. This led to the delivery of Brunhilda into Chlothar's hands, his thirst for vengeance leading to his formidable old aunt enduring the agony of the
rack
for three whole days, before suffering a horrific death, dragged to death by an unbroken horse.
In 615, Chlothar II promulgated the
Edict of Paris
, a sort of Frankish
Magna Carta
that reserved many rights to the Frankish nobles while it
excluded Jews
from all civil employment for the Crown. The ban effectively placed all literacy in the
Merovingian
monarchy squarely under ecclesiastical control and also greatly pleased the nobles, from whose ranks the bishops were ordinarily exclusively drawn. Chlothar was induced by Warnachar and Rado to make the mayoralty of the palace a lifetime appointment at
Bonneuil-sur-Marne
, near
Paris
, in 617. By these actions, Chlothar lost his own legislative abilities and the great number of laws enacted in his reign are probably the result of the nobles' petitions, which the king had no authority not to heed.
In 623, he gave the kingdom of
Austrasia
to his young son
Dagobert I
. This was a political move as repayment for the support of Bishop
Arnulf of Metz
and
Pepin I
, mayor of the palace of Austrasia, the two leading Austrasian nobles, who were effectively granted semi-autonomy.
Chlothar II died in 629 after 45 years on the throne, longer than any other Merovingian dynast save for his grandfather Chlotar I, who ruled from 511 to 561. He left the crown greatly reduced in power and prepared the way for the rise of the mayors and the
rois fainéants
.
Family
The first spouse of Chlothar II was Haldetrude (ca 575–604). She was the mother of
Dagobert I
. Chlothar's second spouse was
Bertrada
. His third spouse was
Sichilde
, who bore him
Charibert II
and a daughter, Oda.
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