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هل تولد الحياة من رحم الموت؟؟؟ دراسة بحثية
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سترلينج نورث
يتمه: ماتت أمه وهو في سن السابعة.
مجاله : روائي وناقد.
Sterling North
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Born
November 4, 1906(1906-11-04)
Lake Koshkonong
, Wisconsin
Died
December 22, 1974(1974-12-22) (aged 68)
Morristown, New Jersey
Occupation
novelist,
literary critic
Notable work(s)
Rascal
Thomas Sterling North (November 4, 1906 – December 22, 1974) was an
American
author
of books for children and adults, including 1963's bestselling
Rascal
. North, who professionally went by "Sterling North", was born on the second floor of a farmhouse on the shores of
Lake Koshkonong
, a few miles from
Edgerton, Wisconsin
, in 1906, and died in
Morristown, New Jersey
in 1974. Surviving a near-paralyzing struggle with polio in his teens, he grew to young adulthood in the quiet southern Wisconsin village of Edgerton, which North transformed into the "Brailsford Junction" setting of several of his books.
Early life and family
Sterling North's maternal grandparents, James Hervey Nelson and Sarah Orelup Nelson, were
Wisconsin
pioneers. Born in
Putnam County, New York
, James moved first to near
Rochester, New York
, then to Menomonee, in Waukesha County, Wisconsin (near
Milwaukee
), then pioneered a farm near present day
South Wayne
, in southwestern Wisconsin. His daughter, Sarah Elizabeth "Elizabeth" Nelson, was Sterling North's mother; she died when Sterling was seven years old. She married David Willard North, also the product of a pioneering local family, whose brother ran the family farm.
Sterling North had three siblings: two sisters,
Jessica Nelson North
who was an author,
poet
, and editor; Theo, who was the
martinet
in the family; and a brother, Herschel, who survived World War I. When Sterling North was eleven (in 1917, which would have been the year of his maternal grandfather's 100th birthday), several of his uncles wrote extended biographies about their parents and their pioneer farm life. One of these uncles was
Justus Henry Nelson
, an early missionary in the
Amazon Basin
. This writing effort was at the same time as the setting of Rascal and may have been an early literary inspiration to North.
Writing career
After attending the University of Chicago (he left without graduating in 1929), North worked as a reporter (eventually literary editor) for the
Chicago Daily News
, the
New York World-Telegram
, and the
New York Sun
, before becoming a full-time
freelance writer
. In 1940, in his position as Chicago Daily News Literary Editor, North was one of the first public figures to denounce the newly popular medium of
comic books
. Barely two years after the introduction of
Superman
, North wrote that comics were "a poisonous mushroom growth of the last two years" and that comic book publishers were "guilty of a cultural slaughter of the innocents."
[1]
(These charges were echoed over the following 15 years by other public figures like
J. Edgar Hoover
,
John Mason Brown
, and most notably Dr.
Fredric Wertham
, until
Congressional hearings
led to the mid-1950s self-censorship and rapid shrinkage of the comics industry.)
One of North's first books, The Pedro Gorino, published in 1929, was a narrative of the life of Harry Dean, an African-American sea captain. A 1934 North novel, Plowing on Sunday, featured a rare dust jacket illustration by Iowa artist
Grant Wood
.
North's book
Midnight and Jeremiah
was made into the Disney movie
So Dear to My Heart
in 1949. (The movie was nominated for the
Academy Award for Best Original Song
for
Burl Ives
's version of the 17th century English song "
Lavender Blue
). In addition, North wrote Abe Lincoln: Log Cabin to White House, The Wolfling: A Documentary Novel of the Eighteen-Seventies, Racoons are the Brightest People, Hurry Spring, The Wolfling,and many other books.
In 1957, he became the general editor of
Houghton Mifflin
's North Star Books. This firm published biographies of American heroes for young adult readers. Although uncredited, North's beloved bride, Gladys Buchanan North, also contributed to the editing process.
Rascal
North published his most famous work,
Rascal
, in 1963. The book is a remembrance of a year in his childhood when he raised a baby raccoon which he named Rascal. It received a
Newbery Honor
in 1964, a
Sequoyah Book Award
in 1966, and a
Young Reader's Choice Award
in 1966. It was made into the
Disney
movie
of the same name
in 1969. Additionally, it was made into a 52-episode Japanese
anime
entitled
Araiguma Rasukaru
.
Araiguma Rascal means Racoon Rascal. The success of the anime was responsible for the unfortunate introduction of the North American
Raccoon
into Japan
Subtitled "a memoir of a better era", North's book is a prose poem to adolescent angst. Rascal chronicles young Sterling's loving, troubled relationship with his father, dreamer David Willard North, and the aching loss represented by the death of his mother, Elizabeth Nelson North. The boy reconnects with society through the unlikely intervention of his pet raccoon, a "ringtailed wonder" charmer that dominates almost every page.
The author's sister, poet and art historian Jessica Nelson North, is one note of early 1900s normalcy in the book. She wasn't particularly pleased with how her brother portrayed her family in
Rascal
, yet was proud of her brother's achievement nonetheless.
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