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هل تولد الحياة من رحم الموت؟؟؟ دراسة بحثية
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ايوب صابر
مراقب عام سابقا
اوسمتي
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تاريخ الإنضمام :
Sep 2009
رقم العضوية :
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هيكتور هيو منرو (ساكي )
يتمه : يتيم في سن الثانية .
مجاله : اديب متعدد مجالات الانتاج.
Hector Hugh Munro (18 December 1870 – 13 November 1916), better known by the
pen name
Saki, was a
British
writer, whose witty and sometimes
macabre
stories satirised
Edwardian
society and culture. He is considered a master of the
short story
and is often compared to
O. Henry
and
Dorothy Parker
. His tales feature delicately drawn characters and finely judged narratives. "The Open Window" may be his best known, with a closing line ("Romance at short notice was her speciality") that has entered the
lexicon
.
Family Background and Life
Hector Hugh Munro was born in Akyab,
Burma
(now known as
Myanmar
), the son of Charles Augustus Munro and Mary Frances Mercer (1843 to 1872). Mary was the daughter of Rear Admiral Samuel Mercer, and her nephew, Cecil William Mercer, was also to gain fame as an author under the nom-de-plume
Dornford Yates
. Charles Munro was an inspector-general for the Burmese police when that country was still part of the
British Empire
.
In 1872, Mary, who had gone home on a visit to England, was charged by a cow; the shock caused her to miscarry. She never recovered and soon died. Charles Munro sent his children, including two-year-old Hector, to England, where they were brought up by their grandmother and aunts in a strict, straitlaced household.
في العام 1872 والتي ذهبت في زيارة للأهل في انجلترا تعرضت لإصابة من بقرة وقد أدت الصدمة إلى إسقاط حملها ومن ثم موتها . وبعد موت الأم قام الأب بإرسال أطفاله إلى انجلترا بما فهيم ( هيكتور والذي كان عمره عندها عامان ) حيث عاشا مع جدتهما واثنتين من العمات في جو متزمت.
Munro was educated at Pencarwick School in
Exmouth
and at
Bedford Grammar School
. When his father retired to England, he travelled on a few occasions with his sister and father, between fashionable European spas and tourist resorts. In 1893, he followed his father in joining the
Indian Imperial Police
, where he was posted to
Burma
(as was another acerbic and pseudonymous writer a generation later:
George Orwell
).
Two years later, failing health from malaria forced his resignation and return to England.
At the start of
World War I
, although 43 and officially over age, Munro joined the
Royal Fusiliers
regiment of the
British Army
as an ordinary soldier, refusing a commission. More than once he returned to the battlefield when officially still too sick or injured to fight. He was sheltering in a shell crater near
Beaumont-Hamel
, France in November 1916 when he was killed by a German
sniper
. His last words, according to several sources, were "Put that bloody cigarette out!"
[5]
After his death, his sister Ethel destroyed most of his papers and wrote her own account of their childhood.
Munro was
homosexual
, but at that time in the UK
sexual activity between men was a crime
, and the
Cleveland Street scandal
in 1889, followed by
the downfall and disgrace of Oscar Wilde
(who was convicted in 1895 after
cause célèbre
trials) meant that "that side of [Munro's] life had to be secret". Politically, Munro was a
Tory
and somewhat reactionary in his views.
Short stories
"The Storyteller"
"The Storyteller" is a cynical antidote to crude
didacticism
. An aunt is traveling by train with her two nieces and a nephew. The children are naughty and mischievous. A bachelor is sitting opposite. The aunt starts telling a moralistic story, but is unable to satisfy the curiosity of the children. The bachelor intervenes and tells a story where the "good" person ends up being unwittingly devoured by a wolf, much to the children's delight. The bachelor is amused with the knowledge that in the future the children will embarrass their guardian by begging to be told "an improper story".
Books
1899: "Dogged" (short story, appeared as written by H. H. M. in
St. Paul's
, 18 February)
1900:
The Rise of the Russian Empire
(history)
1902: "The Woman Who Never Should" (political sketch, in
Westminster Gazette
, 22 July)
1902:
The Not So Stories
(political sketches, in
Westminster Annual
)
1902:
The Westminster Alice
(political sketches, with
F. Carruthers Gould
)
1904:
Reginald
(short stories)
1910:
Reginald in Russia
(short stories)
1911:
The Chronicles of Clovis
(short stories)
1912:
The Unbearable Bassington
(novel)
1913:
When William Came
(novel)
1914:
Beasts and Super-Beasts
(short stories)
1914: "The East Wing" (short story, in
Lucas's Annual]]
/
[[Methuen's Annual
)
????: "The Lumber-Room"
????: "The Interlopers"
Posthumous publications:
1919:
The Toys of Peace
(short stories)
1924:
The Square Egg and Other Sketches
(short stories)
1924: "
The Watched Pot
" (play, with Charles Maude)
1926-1927:
The Works of Saki
(8 vols.)
1930:
The Complete Short Stories of Saki
1933:
The Complete Novels and Plays of Saki
(includes
The Westminster Alice
)
1934:
The Miracle-Merchant
(in
One-Act Plays for Stage and Study 8
)
1950:
The Best of Saki
(ed. by
Graham Greene
)
1963:
The Bodley Head Saki
1981:
Saki
(by A.J. Langguth, includes six uncollected stories)
1976:
The Complete Saki
1976:
Short Stories
(ed. by
John Letts
)
1988:
Saki: The Complete Saki
,
Penguin editions
ISBN 978-0-14-118078-6
1995:
The Secret Sin of Septimus Brope, and Other Stories
2006:
A Shot in the Dark
(a compilation of 15 uncollected stories)
Television
In 1962, a
Granada Television
8-part TV series, produced by Phillip Mackie, dramatised several stories of Saki. Actors included Mark Burns as Clovis,
Fenella Fielding
as Mary Drakmanton,
Richard Vernon
as the Major,
Rosamund Greenwood
as Veronique and
Martita Hunt
as Lady Bastable. The title of the series was
Saki, the Improper Stories of H. H. Munro
(a reference to the ending of "The Story Teller").
A dramatisation of "The Schartz-Metterklume Method" was an episode in the series
Alfred Hitchcock Presents
in 1960.
Who Killed Mrs De Ropp?
, a 2007
BBC
dramatisation starring
Ben Daniels
and
Gemma Jones
, showcased three of Saki's short stories, "The Storyteller", "The Lumber Room" and "
Sredni Vashtar
".
Theatre
The Playboy of the Week-End World
(1977) by
Emlyn Williams
, adapts 16 of Saki's stories.
Wolves at the Window
(2008) by Toby Davies, adapts 12 of Saki's stories
Saki Shorts. A musical based on 9 stories. Music, book and lyrics by John Gould and Dominic McChesney
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