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هل تولد الحياة من رحم الموت؟؟؟ دراسة بحثية
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06-14-2011, 09:56 PM
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تاريخ الإنضمام :
Sep 2009
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البابا ليو الثالث عشر
يتمه : فقد الام وعمره 14 سنة.
مجاله : رجل دين.
من البابا وهو فينشنزو بيتشي “ Vincenzo pecci ” في إيطاليا 2 أذار 1810 ، وانتخب بابا في 20 شباط 1887 وتوفي سنة 1903 عن 93 عاماً. برزت شخصيته إثر انتخابه، خلفاً لبيوس التاسع، فأطلّ على العالم بوجهٍ يتمتّع بذكاءٍ حاد. و بروح فطن في تصوّر المشاريع الكبرى. فكانت له صفة القيادة ووضوح الرؤيا وامتلاك الذّات، وإدراك معنى الممكن في تعامله مع الواقع ومع الأشخاص.
توفي البابا بعد ترأسه الكنيسة الكاثوليكيّة لمدّة ربع قرن، أعطى فيها الكرسيّ الرّسوليّ هالة عالميّة، وأكسبها "قوّة سياسيّة ومعنويّة كبيرة تفوق السّلطة الزّمنيّة، الّتي كانت قد فقدتها". فشكّلت حبريّته منعطفاًهامّاً في تاريخ الكنيسة
Pope Leo XIII (2 March 1810 - 20 July 1903), born Vincenzo Gioacchino Raffaele Luigi Pecci to an Italian comital family, was the 256th
Pope
of the
Roman Catholic Church
, reigning from 1878 to 1903. He was the
oldest pope
(reigning until the age of 93), and had the
third longest pontificate
, behind his immediate predecessor Pius IX and
John Paul II
.
He is known for intellectualism, the development of social teachings with his
encyclical
Rerum Novarum
and his attempts to define the position of the Church with regard to modern thinking. He impacted
Roman Catholic Mariology
and promoted both the
rosary and the scapular
. He issued a record eleven
encyclicals
on the
rosary
, approved two new Marian
scapulars
and was the first Pope to fully embrace the concept of Mary as
mediatrix
Born in
Carpineto Romano
, near
Rome
, he was the sixth of the seven sons of Count Lodovico Pecci and his wife Anna Prosperi Buzi. From 1810 to 1818 he was at home with his family, "in which religion counted as the highest grace on earth, as through her, salvation can be earned for all eternity". Together with his brother he studied in the Jesuit College in
Viterbo
, where he stayed until 1824. He enjoyed the
Latin
language and was known to write his own Latin poems at the age of eleven.
In 1824 he and his older brother
Giuseppe Pecci
were called to Rome where their mother was dying. Count Pecci wanted his children near him after the loss of his wife, and so they stayed with him in Rome, attending the Jesuit
Collegium Romanum
. In 1828, Giuseppe entered the Jesuit order, while Vincenzo decided in favour of
secular clergy
.
[3]
He studied at the
Academia dei Nobili
, mainly diplomacy and law. In 1834 he gave a student presentation, attended by several
cardinals
, on
papal judgements
. For his presentation he received awards for academic excellence, and gained the attention of Vatican officials.
[4]
Cardinal Secretary of State
Luigi Lambruschini
introduced him to Vatican congregations and to
Pope Gregory XVI
, who appointed Pecci on 14 February 1837, as personal
prelate
even before he was ordained
priest
on 31 December 1837, by the
Vicar of Rome
. He celebrated his first mass together with his priest brother Giuseppe. He received his
doctorate
in
theology
in 1836 and doctorates of civil and
Canon Law
in Rome..
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