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جيمز متشنر
James A. Michener
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
James Albert Michener February 3, 1907 – October 16, 1997) was an
American
author of more than 40 titles, the majority of which were sweeping sagas, covering the lives of many generations in particular geographic locales and incorporating historical facts into the stories. Michener was known for the meticulous research behind his work.
Michener's major books include
Tales of the South Pacific
(for which he won the
Pulitzer Prize for Fiction
in 1948),
Hawaii
,
The Drifters
,
Centennial
,
The Source
,
The Fires of Spring
,
Chesapeake
,
Caribbean
,
Caravans
,
Alaska
,
Texas
, and
Poland
. His nonfiction works include the 1968
Iberia
about his travels in Spain and Portugal, his 1992 memoir
The World Is My Home
, and
Sports in America
.
Return to Paradise
combines fictional short stories with Michener's factual descriptions of the Pacific areas where they take place.
Biography
Michener wrote that he did not know who his parents were or exactly when or where he was born. He was raised a
Quaker
by an adoptive mother, Mabel Michener, in
Doylestown
,
Bucks County
,
Pennsylvania
.
After graduating
Phi Beta Kappa
[3]
and
summa cum laude
in 1929 from
Swarthmore College
in English and psychology, he traveled and studied in Europe for two years. Michener then took a job as a high school English teacher at Hill School in
Pottstown, Pennsylvania
. From 1933 to 1936 he taught English at
George School
, in
Newtown, Pennsylvania
, then attended
Colorado State Teachers College
(now the
University of Northern Colorado
in
Greeley
,
Colorado
), earned his master's degree, and taught there for several years. The library at the University of Northern Colorado is named for him. In 1935 Michener married Patti Koon. He went to
Harvard
for a one-year teaching stint from 1939 to 1940 and left teaching to join
Macmillan Publishers
as their social studies education editor.
Michener was called to active duty during
World War II
in the United States Navy. He traveled throughout the South Pacific on various missions that were assigned to him because his base commanders thought he was the son of Admiral
Marc Mitscher
.
[4]
His travels became the setting for his breakout work
Tales of the South Pacific
.
In 1960, Michener was chairman of the
Bucks County
committee to elect
John F. Kennedy
. In 1962, he unsuccessfully ran as a Democratic candidate for a seat in the
U.S. House of Representatives
from Pennsylvania, a decision he later considered a misstep. "My mistake was to run in 1962 as a Democratic candidate for Congress. [My wife] kept saying, 'Don't do it, don't do it.' I lost and went back to writing books." Michener was later Secretary for the 1967–68 Pennsylvania Constitutional Convention.
Education
Michener graduated from Doylestown High School in 1925. He attended
Swarthmore College
, where he played
basketball
, and joined the
Phi Delta Theta
fraternity. He graduated with highest honors. He attended
Colorado State Teachers College
(now named the
University of Northern Colorado
in
Greeley
,
Colorado
), and earned his master's degree.
Writing career
Michener's typewriter at the
Michener Museum, Doylestown, Pennsylvania
Michener's writing career began during
World War II
, when as a lieutenant in the
U.S. Navy
, he was assigned to the
South Pacific Ocean
as a naval historian; he later turned his notes and impressions into
Tales of the South Pacific
, his first book, published when he was 40 and the basis for the Broadway and film musical
South Pacific
by
Rodgers and Hammerstein
.
[5]
It won the Pulitzer Prize for fiction in 1948.
In the late 1950s, Michener began working as a roving editor for
Readers' Guide to Periodical Literature
. He gave up that work in 1970.
Michener was a popular writer during his lifetime; his novels sold an estimated 75 million copies worldwide.
[6]
His novel
Hawaii
(published in 1959) was based on extensive research. Nearly all of his subsequent novels were based on detailed historical, cultural, and even geological research.
Centennial
, which documented several generations of families in the West, was made into a popular twelve-part television miniseries of the same name and aired on NBC from October 1978 through February 1979.
In 1996, State House Press published
James A. Michener: A Bibliography
, compiled by David A. Groseclose. Its more than 2,500 entries from 1923 to 1995 include magazine articles, forewords, and other works.
Michener's prodigious output made for lengthy novels, several of which run more than 1,000 pages. The author states in
My Lost Mexico
that at times he would spend 12 to 15 hours per day at his typewriter for weeks on end, and that he used so much paper his filing system had trouble keeping up.
.
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