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هل تولد الحياة من رحم الموت؟؟؟ دراسة بحثية
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08-14-2010, 11:59 PM
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: 4
تاريخ الإنضمام :
Sep 2009
رقم العضوية :
7857
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نقولاي فاسلفيش جوجول
Nikolai Vasilievich Gogol
(
Russian
-
Ukrainian
:
Mykola Vasylovych Hohol
) (31 March 19 March] 1809, 4 March 21 February 1852) was a
Ukrainian
-born
Russian
novelist, humorist, and dramatist
He is considered the father of modern Russian
realism
. His early works, such as
Evenings on a Farm Near Dikanka
, were heavily influenced by his
Ukrainian
upbringing and identity.
[2]
[3]
His more mature writing satirised the corrupt bureaucracy of the Russian Empire, leading to his exile. On his return, he immersed himself in the Orthodox Church.
[4]
The novels
Taras Bul'ba
(1835; 1842 [revised edition]) and
Dead Souls
(1842), the play
The Inspector-General
(1836, 1842), and the short stories
Diary of a Madman
,
The Nose
and
The Overcoat
(1842) are among his best known works. With their scrupulous and scathing realism, ethical criticism as well as philosophical depth, they remain some of the most important works of world literature.
Provenance and early life
Gogol was born
[5]
in the Ukrainian
Cossack
village of
Sorochyntsi
, in
Poltava Governorate
of the
Russian Empire
, present-day Ukraine. His mother was a descendant of
Polish
nobility
.
His father Vasily Gogol-Yanovsky, a descendant of Ukrainian Cossacks, belonged to the petty gentry, wrote poetry in Russian and Ukrainian, and was an amateur Ukrainian-language playwright who died when Gogol was 15 years old.
As was typical of the left-bank Ukrainian gentry of the early nineteenth century,
the family spoke Russian as well as Ukrainian. As a child, Gogol helped stage Ukrainian-language plays in his uncle's home theater.
[6]
In 1820 Gogol went to a school of higher art in
Nizhyn
and remained there until 1828. It was there that he began writing. He was not very popular among his schoolmates, who called him their "mysterious dwarf," but with two or three of them he formed lasting friendships. Very early he developed a dark and secretive disposition, marked by a painful self-consciousness and boundless ambition. Equally early he developed an extraordinary talent for mimicry which later on made him a matchless reader of his own works and induced him to toy with the idea of becoming an actor.
In 1828, on leaving school, Gogol came to Petersburg, full of vague but glowingly ambitious hopes. He had hoped for literary fame and brought with him a
Romantic
poem of German idyllic life —
Ganz Küchelgarten
. He had it published, at his own expense, under the name of "V. Alov." The magazines he sent it to almost universally derided it. He bought all the copies and destroyed them, swearing never to write poetry again.
Gogol was one of the first masters of the
short story
, alongside
Alexander Pushkin
,
Prosper Mérimée
,
E. T. A. Hoffmann
, and
Nathaniel Hawthorne
. He was in touch with the "literary aristocracy," had a story published in
Anton Delvig
's
Northern Flowers
, was taken up by
Vasily Zhukovsky
and
Pyotr Pletnyov
, and (in 1831) was introduced
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