الموضوع: هل تولد الحياة من رحم الموت؟؟؟ دراسة بحثية
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قديم 03-04-2014, 04:04 PM
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ايوب صابر
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3-المذهب البراغماتي Pragmatismeو رواد هذا المذهب هم :جون ديوي ....يبدو انه عاش يتيما وعلى الرغم انه لا يعرف بالتحديد مات والده لكن هناك ما يشير الى يتمه حيث تقول يرته ان والدته البروتستانتية هي التي ربته ورغم محاولاتها تقريبة من الكنيسة لكنه اصبح ملحدا. كذلك اقتراضه من اجل دفع رسوم الجامعة المال مع عمته او خالته مؤشر آخر على يتمه. ..هو حتما يتيم الاب...لكننا نعتبره مجهول الطفولة تحريا للدقة.


جون ديوي

1859 - 1952 (بالإنجليزية: John Dewey) هو مربي وفيلسوف وعالم نفس أمريكي وزعيم من زعماء الفلسفة البراغماتية ويعتبر من أوائل المؤوسسين لها. ويقال انه هو من أطال عمر هذه الفلسفة واستطاع ان يستخدم بلياقة كلمتين قريبتين من الشعب الأمريكي هما"العلم" و"الديمقراطية".
حياته
ولد جون ديوي بمدينة برلنجتون في ولاية فيرمونت في الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية وقد تلقى تعليمه في جامعة فيرمونت ثم انتقل إلى جامعة جون هوبكنز فحصل على شهادة الدكتوراه في الفلسفة عام 1884. وفي عام 1894 انتقل ديوي إلى جامعة شيكاجو التي كانت قد تأسست وقتئذ وعين فيها رئيسا لقسم الفلسفة وعلم النفس والتربية.
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John Dewey was born in Burlington, Vermont on October 20, 1859. His father was Archibald Sprague Dewey. Archibald was a Vermont Farm boy that owned a grocery store. Dewey's mother was Lucina Rich Dewey whom came from a well to do family. Her grandfather and father were politicians that each held government posts for several years. All of her brothers were college graduates, and because of her up bringing she was a firm believer that her sons must complete their schooling though to the college level. There were four children in the Dewey family, which were all boys. John was the third child and was named after his oldest brother John Archibald, who had enlisted and served throughout the Civil War and died from severe burns nine months before John was born. John only took the first name because the middle name Archibald was never given to him. John's mother Lucina was a very strict, religious woman. She was adamant about all of her sons being right with God and getting their education. John and his brothers attended public schools in Vermont. At the age of fifthteen he graduated from high school and went to the University of Vermont. He attended the university for four years along with his brothers. At the university Dewey read the works of Charles Darwin which had a great influence in Dewey's life works. He graduated in 1879 with a major in philosophy. The late summer after graduation went to work with a relative in Oil City, Pennsylvania as a high school teacher. He taught in Oil City for two years. In the spring of 1881 during his last year teaching in Oil City he wrote a paper entitled The Metaphysical Assumptions of Materialism. He sent this paper to the editor of the Journal of Speculative Philosophy and returned to Burlington, Vermont and to teach at a high school near his home. He also studied a year privately with his former instructor Henry A.P. Torrey. While in Burlington his paper was published.
In September 1882 Dewey enrolled at the Johns Hopkins University. He applied for a fellowship, but did not get accepted and had to borrow five hundred dollars from his aunt to pay his tuition.

John Dewey</SPAN>

Author profile


born
in Burlington, Vermont, The United States
October 20, 1859

died
June 01, 1952

gender
male



influences
Charles Darwin, Sigmund Freud, Leon Trotsky, Henry David Thoreau
About this author
John Dewey was an American philosopher, psychologist and educational reformer whose ideas have been influential in education and social reform. Dewey, along with Charles Sanders Peirce and William James, is recognized as one of the founders of the philosophy of pragmatism and of functional psychology. He was a major representative of the progressive and progressive populist philosophies of schooling during the first half of the 20th century in the USA.

In 1859, educator and philosopher John Dewey was born in Burlington, Vermont. He earned his doctorate at Johns Hopkins University in 1884. After teaching philosophy at the University of Michigan, he joined the University of Chicago as head of a department in philosophy, psychology and educatio...more</SPAN>John Dewey was an American philosopher, psychologist and educational reformer whose ideas have been influential in education and social reform. Dewey, along with Charles Sanders Peirce and William James, is recognized as one of the founders of the philosophy of pragmatism and of functional psychology. He was a major representative of the progressive and progressive populist philosophies of schooling during the first half of the 20th century in the USA.

In 1859, educator and philosopher John Dewey was born in Burlington, Vermont. He earned his doctorate at Johns Hopkins University in 1884. After teaching philosophy at the University of Michigan, he joined the University of Chicago as head of a department in philosophy, psychology and education, influenced by Darwin, Freud and a scientific outlook. He joined the faculty of Columbia University in 1904. Dewey's special concern was reform of education. He promoted learning by doing rather than learning by rote. Dewey conducted international research on education, winning many academic honors worldwide. Of more than 40 books, many of his most influential concerned education, including My Pedagogic Creed (1897), Democracy and Education (1902) and Experience and Education (1938). He was one of the founders of the philosophy of pragmatism. A humanitarian, he was a trustee of Jane Addams' Hull House, supported labor and racial equality, and was at one time active in campaigning for a third political party. He chaired a commission convened in Mexico City in 1937 inquiring into charges made against Leon Trotsky during the Moscow trials. Raised by an evangelical mother, Dewey had rejected faith by his 30s. Although he disavowed being a "militant" atheist, when his mother complained that he should be sending his children to Sunday school, he replied that he had gone to Sunday School enough to make up for any truancy by his children.
As a pragmatist, he judged ideas by the results they produced. As a philosopher, he eschewed an allegiance to fixed and changeless dogma and superstition. He belonged to humanist societies, including the American Humanist Association. D. 1952