42-القلم الجاف لاديسلاو جوزيف بيرو مجري
-مجهول الطفولة لكنه لا بد عانا من ويلات الحرب العالمية الاولى حيث كان في الثكنة عشرة في العام 1917

László Bíró
AKA László József Bíró
Born: 29-Sep-1899
Birthplace: Budapest, Hungary
Died: 24-Oct-1985 [1]
Location of death: Buenos Aires, Argentina
Cause of death: unspecified

Gender: Male
Religion: Jewish
Race or Ethnicity: White
Sexual orientation: Straight
Occupation: Inventor
Nationality: Argentina
Executive summary: Ballpoint pen

Lلszlَ Bيrَ (BEE-roh or sometimes BYE-row) invented the now-ubiquitous ballpoint pen. Previously, writers used either pens dipped in inkwells or fountain pens, with interior ink reservoirs, but either method often led to splotchy documents and stained fingers. Bيrَ was always a tinkerer, and in addition to his pen he held patents for a steam-powered washing machine and an automatic transmission for cars, but he was working as a reporter when he noticed that ink from inkwells smudged easily and took several minutes to dry, while ink used to print newspapers dried much quicker. He tried using press ink in his fountain pen, but it was too viscous and would not flow properly. With help from his brother, a chemist, the ink was altered, and Bيrَ added a tiny rolling ball in a socket at the pen's tip. The action of rolling the ball across paper draws ink and regulates its flow, making spills and splotches a rare occurrence.
Jewish, he fled his homeland to escape growing anti-Semitism, and patented his invention in Paris in 1938. He then settled in Argentina, where he opened Biro Pens of Argentina in 1940 to manufacture the pens. For several years, ballpoint pens were luxury items, selling for $12.50 each in department stores, but problems with both the ink and manufacturing processes kept the company struggling. In 1945 Bيrَ sold his patent rights to a Frenchman, Marcel Bich (pronounced Bic), whose Bic pens made both Bich and Bيrَ millionaires, thanks to low-priced pens that "write first time, every time." Bيrَ was a high school classmate of Dennis Gabor. In many English-speaking nations, ballpoint pens are still commonly called "biros."

[1] Many sources incorrectly list his death date as 24 November 1985. But see his obituary, "Ladislao Biro: Invented Ballpoint Pen", Reuters, via The Toronto Sun, 26 October 1985, "who died Thursday", which would be the 24th of October.
Father: Matthias Bíró
Brother: Georg Bíró (chemist)
Wife: Elsa Elizabeth Schick Bíró (m. 2-Nov-1930)
Daughter: Mariana Bíró (educator, b. 16-Apr-1932)